SPACE 7 



tion whether in direction we really have to do with genuine 

 qualities, or whether we are not merely dealing with an 

 especially clearly expressed sequence of local signs. 



Fortunately it is possible to give an unequivocal answer to 

 this objection, for we know of diiection-signs in quite another 

 domain in which there are no local signs at all. I refer to 

 muscular sensations. In all muscular sensations, which arise 

 during muscular contraction, direction-signs always appear, 

 and they are so strong that they sometimes drown the sensa- 

 tions proceeding from the muscles or the joints. Muscular 

 sensations are so badly localised that there is no question of 

 their being the cause of the deHcate and precise sensations of 

 direction. As soon as direction-signs accompany muscular 

 sensations, we speak here also of " movement ", and, more 

 expHcitly, of our own movement. 



Direction-signs determine movement in the outer world 

 as well as in oiurselves : we therefore divide them into " other 

 signs " and " self signs." Since movements of other bodies 

 are accomplished outside, and our o\\'n movements inside of 

 our own body, we may also speak of outer and inner direction- 

 signs. The chief distinction between the two kinds of 

 direction-sign consists, however, in this, that the one is 

 accompanied by a reception, the other by an action ; the one 

 is purely sensory, the other sensory-motor. 



The inner direction-signs for our own movement are of 

 three kinds, i.e. back and forth, up and down, left and right. 

 Arranged in series, the direction-signs admit of every order of 

 movement that is possible. 



We contrast the individual sounds, as the material of 

 sensation, with the musical scale, as their sensation-form, a 

 form which comprises in itself the possibihty of all sounds 

 and at the same time their necessarj^ arrangement. In Like 

 manner, we shall contrast with the individual local signs as 

 material, " the extended " as form : and with the direction- 



