THE CONTENT-QUALITIES 71 



to exalt the laws of physics to the position of a moral 

 cede. 



To the eye of the uninstructed man, all that is visible is 

 his own world of appearances, enveloped in space and time, 

 and filled with the things of sound and scent and colour. 

 Scientific investigation attempts to influence this simple way 

 of regarding the world, and from two opposite quarters. 

 Ph3^sical theory tries to convince the plain man that the world 

 he sees is full of subjective illusions, and that the only real 

 world is much poorer, since it consists of one vast, perpetual 

 whirl of atoms controlled by causality alone. On the other 

 hand, the biologist tries to make the plain man realise that he 

 sees far too little, and that the real world is much richer than 

 he suspects, because around each living being an appearance- 

 world of its own lies spread, which, in its main features, 

 resembles his world, but nevertheless displays so much varia- 

 tion therefrom that he may dedicate his whole life to the 

 study of these other worlds without ever seeing the end of 

 his task. 



The laws connecting each subject with his appearance- 

 world cannot be compassed by causality alone, but must be 

 explained as conformity with plan. The distinguishing sign 

 of this plan resident in every created thing, isolated within 

 itself though it appears, finds expression in the saying, " All 

 for each and each for all." Consequently, in considering a 

 whole that is based on plan, it is immaterial where we begin. 

 AU things within it must react on one another. So we may 

 begin either by studying subjects, or by investigating their 

 appearance-worlds. The one could not exist without the 

 other. 



Now as soon as we have studied even a few animals long 

 enough to show what is the world of appearance that surrounds 

 them like a firm though invisible house of glass, we are enabled 

 to fill the world around ourselves with a countless multitude 



