92 THEORETICAL BIOLOGY 



picture, by compelling us to inquire into the cause and effect 

 of every phenomenon. 



Space, time and causality guarantee the continuity of the 

 world-picture, but they in no way guarantee its completeness. 

 For the attainment of completeness, the forms of the content- 

 qualities (the musical scale, the scale of smell, etc.) must 

 first be taken into account. 



But even then, completeness is not attained. For an 

 essential property of the world-picture, deliberately over- 

 looked by the physicists, is still lacking — i.e. grouping into 

 unities. Sepaiation into spatial atomic systems will not meet 

 the case. Our world-picture is filled with unities. In order 

 to appreciate unities, the mind requires the aid of a special 

 expedient, the " schema " ; and I shall now go on to deal 

 with this. 



THE SCHEMA 



As soon as we proceed to deal with the things of the 

 external world, there are three great questions that affect us 

 as biologists — How ? Why ? and Wherefore ? As a rule, 

 research sets to work at once on all these questions, while 

 taking the world itself as given, and without taking into 

 account the subjective factors to which the objective world 

 owes its very existence. 



It is through Kant that we have learnt sufficient self- 

 knowledge to inquire into the subjective factors ; and this 

 question, since we have become convinced of the subjective 

 nature of the world, has come to seem the most important 

 of all. 



We are now familiar with the content-signs and order- 

 signs, but around these there lies a bond which is responsible 

 for creating the clearly outlined things that we see all about 

 us, and as to the unity of which no question arises in our 

 mind. This bond is so deep-seated in the organisation of our 



