CONFORMITY WITH PLAN 313 



with the possibihty of bringing in certain representatives 

 for certain stimuH. In a brain that is extended in space, 

 the possibihty exists everywhere of using spatially separated 

 centres as representatives for the stimuli coming in from 

 various directions, because the receptors are in a position to 

 pass on the stimuli in the form of excitation to nerves separated 

 in space. It is also possible to transform external movements 

 into indications, because these permit the representatives to 

 sound out in a certain sequence, and one captain may stand 

 in place of a certain series of representatives. 



The arrangement of spatially separated representatives 

 fails, however, as soon as it is a question of more extended 

 sequences of external stimuli. Now, as indications, the 

 external rhythms play a very small part in the life of an 

 animal. How few animals there are that can recognise a 

 sound-sequence again ! There are such cases, however, even 

 among the lower animals. Unquestionably the beat-rhythm 

 serves as an indication when the female hare warns her young 

 of danger by a rhythmical series of knocking sounds, which 

 she makes with her foot on the ground. When the male of 

 the American glow-worm, by a rhythmical " short-long " of 

 its flash, causes the female to react, we see that the power 

 to appreciate beat-rhythms as indications is more widespread 

 than is generally supposed. 



For the study of the world-as-sensed, such observations 

 are of great interest, for they give us the opportunity of 

 raising the question, " In what sensed- worlds did ' time ' first 

 appear ? " One thing is certain — that only the presence of 

 a persistent internal beat-rhythm permits the animal to break 

 up time into a series of moments, and thereby make use of 

 it as an indication. Animals without a receptor beat-rhythm 

 certainly live in time, like all those we observe (for we see 

 everything in the frame of time) ; they may even perform 

 movements according to a beat : but so long as they have 



