xiv TABLE OF CONTENTS 



CHAPTER PAGE 



VI. DESCRIPTIVE TECHNIQUES 103 



Control of End-Object 104 



Control of Physical Medium 109 



Control of Sense Organs 115 



Control of State of Mind 117 



VII. DESCRIPTIVE SCIENCE 128 



Extensional Features of Descriptive Science . . . . 130 



Intensional Features of Descriptive Science . . 139 



VIII. THEORIES OF SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS .... 147 



Strict Empiricism 151 



Operationalism 154 



Constructionalism 158 



Conventionalism 160 



Logical Positivism 164 



Scientific Realism 167 



IX. SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY 173 



Act of Discovery 175 



Psychology of Discovery 178 



Logic of Discovery 181 



Techniques of Construction 189 



Techniques of Hypothesis-Formation 192 



X. EXPLANATORY SCIENCE 196 



Nature of Explanation 197 



Extensional Features of Explanatory Science . . . 205 



Intensional Features of Explanatory Science .... 208 



XI. VERIFICATORY TECHNIQUES 214 



Development of a Theory 214 



Prediction 218 



Confirmation and Infirmation 223 



PART TWO 



PROBLEMS IN THE ANALYSIS OF THE 

 CONCEPTS OF SCIENCE 



XII. PROBLEM OF THE ANALYSIS OF SCIENTIFIC 



CONCEPTS 233 



General Character of the Problem 234 



Difficulties in Ascertainment of Empirical Foundation . 243 



Difficulties in Ascertainment of Scientific Content . . 245 



Difficulties in Ascertainment of Operational Derivation 250 



