THE NATURE OF REALITY 455 



world — aspects which must be revealed, therefore, by some 

 method other than the symbolic one. For Eddington this 

 method is that of introspection and the mystic experience; 

 for Bergson it is intuition. Hence reality for Eddington is 

 essentially spirit and consciousness, while for Bergson it is 

 mainly growth, motion, and tendency. In both cases the 

 important datum offered by science is not a fact about the 

 world, but a fact about method; it is because science has an 

 improper method that it fails to grasp reality. For Jeans, on 

 the other hand, science has at last found the proper method, 

 hence is able to grasp reality. The fourth position to be 

 examined, that of the mathematician, Keyser, is established 

 upon slightly different grounds. Though it is a fact of method 

 which argues for the existence of a superrational realm, it is 

 a relatively specific kind of method rather than a general 

 feature of the symbolic approach as a whole. 



LOGICAL REALISM 



C. J. Keyser, too, feels that the importance of science lies 

 not so much in what it says as in what it suggests. Specula- 

 tion about the sciences is therefore a legitimate enterprise. 

 His main emphasis is upon a feature of the scientific method 

 — "Idealization regarded in the light of what mathemati- 

 cians call the method or the process of Limits. The central 

 thesis is that this process in the domain of reason or of ra- 

 tional thought indicates the reality and, in part, the nature 

 of a domain beyond, a realm superrational, and that this 

 realm is the ultimate and permanent ground and source of 

 the religious emotions." x 



The data of the speculative problem are, for Keyser, of 

 two kinds. Though these are primarily features of method, 

 they are features of subject matter as well. On the one 

 hand, there is the fact of idealization. "The countless phe- 

 nomena in the world of sense form and present to us there 

 innumerable series or sequences having for their limits ideal 

 things that belong only to the world of reason: the realm of 



1 Science and Religion (New Haven: Yale University, 1914), preface. 



