Xviii CONTENTS 



Microscopic Techniques (continued) 



Cytochrome Oxidase 94 



Graff Method for Cytochrome Oxidase in Fixed Tissue 



("M. Nadi Oxidase") 94 



Graff Method for Cytochrome Oxidase in Fresh Tissue 



("G. Nadi Oxidase") 95 



Loele Method for "a-Naphthol Oxidase" 96 



Succinic Dehydrogenase* 96 



Semenoff Method for Succinic Dehydrogenase 96 



III. Physical Methods 99 



A. Fluorescence Microscopy 99 



1. Apparatus 99 



2. Preparation of Tissues 102 



3. Photomicrography , 102 



4. Characterization of Substances 104 



Direct Observation of Fluorescence 104 



Spectroscopic Analysis of Fluorescence 108 



B. Emission Histospectroscopy 109 



1. PoHcard Technique 109 



2. Scott and Williams Technique 110 



C. Visible and Ultraviolet Absorption Histospectroscopy 113 



1. Caspersson in Situ Technique 114 



2. Norberg Technique 120 



Apparatus 120 



Manipulations 121 



The Sample Slide for Absorption Measurements 122 



Accessories for Norberg Technique 123 



Methods 124 



Phosphorus 124 



Norberg Method for Phosphorus 124 



3. Stowell Technique 125 



D. Roentgen Absorption Histospectroscopy 127 



1. Some Theoretical Aspects 128 



2. Thickness of Sections 132 



3. Apparatus 133 



4. Measurement of Density of Photographic Film 138 



Nomogram 140 



E. Microincineration 140 



1. Preparation for Incineration 141 



2. The Incineration Furnace 142 



3. Scott Incineration Procedure 143 



4. Microscopic Examination and Interpretation 144 



5. Quantitative Estimation of Ash 146 



F. Analytical Electron Microscopy 147 



The Scott-Packer Analytical Electron Microscope 148 



Manipulation 151 



G. Radioautography 152 



Preparation of Radioautographs 156 



Belanger and Leblond Technique 157 



Discussion 160 



Chemical Techniques 163 



Introduction 165 



I. General Apparatus and Manipulation 165 



A. Vessels, Stoppers, Holders, etc 165 



B. Microliter Pipettes 170 



