115 FRUMKIN 



Institute of Physical Chemistry of the U.S.S.R. Academy of 

 Sciences, and from 1939 to 1949 was the Director. Since 1932 

 he has been an Academician of the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sci- 

 ences. He received a Lenin Prize in 1931, and in 1941 a Stalin 

 Prize. 



Frumkin's research is primarily in surface phenomena and 

 in the theory of electrochemical processes. He applied the 

 Gibbs equation to adsorption and derived the equation for ab- 

 sorbed molecules on a surface. He developed the concept of the 

 structure of the electrical double layer at the solid-liquid inter- 

 face. In his experiments, he established the quantitative theory 

 of the influence of the electric field on molecular adsorption. 

 By means of measurements of potential jumps on the liquid-gas 

 interface, he studied the nature of chemical bonds in molecules. 

 In 1929, Frumkin developed the theory of kinetics in electro- 

 chemical reactions based on the composition of the solution and 

 the structure of the double layer. He also recognized the im- 

 portance of the zero potentials at the metallic electrodes. With 

 V. G. Levich, Frumkin developed a theory of diffusion process- 

 es which take place in solutions while under the influence of an 

 electrical field. He explained the mechanism of a number of 

 electrochemical reactions, such as the reduction of oxygen and 

 other anions. He has many pupils among the Soviet electro- 

 chemists. His scientific work found application in the gener- 

 ation of electrical energy by chemical sources, the wetting of 

 metals by electrolytes, flotation, polarography, heterogeneous 

 catalysis, and colloidal chemistry. 



In 1958 Frumkin was appointed Director of the Institute of 

 Electro -Chemistry of the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences. 



Frumkin visited the United States in May 1960 to attend the 

 Electrochemical Society meetings in Chicago. 

 Bibliography: 



Electrocapillary Effects and Electrode Potentials. Odessa: 

 1919. 



Adsorption and oxidation reactions. Uspekhi Khim., 1949, 

 18, #1. 



with others . Kinetics of Electrochemical Processes. Mos- 

 cow: 1952. 



Kinetics of electrochemical processes and phenomena on the 

 interface of a metal -solution, from the book: Electrochemi- 

 cal Conference of Dec. 19-25, 1950. Moscow: 1953, pp. 21-46. 

 Adsorption and electrochemical kinetics. Uspekhi Khim., 

 1955, 24, #8, pp. 933-50. 



