SCHMALHAUSEN 328 



has been an Academician of the Ukrainian S.S.R. Academy of 

 Sciences since 1922 and since 1935 Academician of the U.S.S.R. 

 Academy of Sciences. In 1935 he was an Honored Scientist of 

 the Ukrainian S.S.R., and in 1960, a fellow of the Academy of 

 Zoology in Agra (India), and a fellow of the German Academy 

 ** Leopoldina" in Helle. 



Schmalhausen, specialist in comparative anatomy, has 

 worked in evolutionary morphology, on the regularities in the 

 growth of animals, on factors and characteristics of the evolution- 

 ary processes. He has also been concerned with the history of 

 development, and the comparative anatomy of unpaired fins of 

 fish, and the origin of extremities of land vertebrates. He pro- 

 posed a theory on the growth of animal organisms, based on the 

 conception of a reverse ratio between the speed of growth of an 

 organism and the speed of its change. He has formulated a 

 theory of stabilizing selection as an essential factor in evo- 

 lution. Since 1948 he has been studying the origin of land verte- 

 brates (Tetrapoda). 

 Bibliography: 



Unpaired fins of fish and their phylogenetic development. 

 Dissertation, Kiev, 1913. (In German: Z. wiss Zool. Bd 

 400, 104, 107, 1912, 1913.) 



Development of the extremities of amphibians and their sig- 

 nificance in the question on origin of extremities in land 

 vertebrates. Dissertation, Moscow, 1915. 

 Basis of Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrate Animals, 4th 

 ed. Moscow: 1947. 



The Organism as a Whole in Individual and Historical De- 

 velopment, 2nd ed. Moscow -Leningrad: 1942. 

 Ways and Regularities of Evolutionary Process. Moscow- 

 Leningrad: 1939. 



Factors of Evolution (Theory of Stabilizing Selection). 

 Moscow-Leningrad: 1946. (English trans. Philadelphia- 

 Toronto, 1949). 



Problems of Darwinism. Moscow: 1946. 

 Office: Embryological Laboratory 



Institute of Zoology of USSR Academy of Sciences 

 Leninskii Prospekt, 33 

 Moscow V-71, USSR 

 Residence: Ulitsa Chkalova 14/16 



Moscow, USSR 

 Telephone: K7 47 13 



