SHAPOSHNIKOV 336 



Bibliography: 



The methods of obtaining organosols of alkaline metals. 



Zhur. Fiz. Khim., 1933, 4, #3. 



Structure of super-conductors in the intermediate state. 



Zhur. Eksptl. i Teoret. Fiz., 1946, 16, #9. 



and A. Meshkovskii . Surface effects of super- conductors in 



the intermediate state. Zhur. Eksptl. i Teoret. Fiz., 1947, 



17, #10. 

 Office: Vorob'evskoye Shosse 2 



Moscow, USSR 

 Telephone: B2 16 92 



SHAPOSHNIKOV, VLADIMIR NIKOLAEVICH (Microbiologist) 



V. N. Shaposhnikov was born February 24, 1884. He worked 

 at Moscow University after graduating from there in 1910, and 

 in 1938 became a professor at this University. From 1921 to 

 1935 he worked at the State Scientific Research Chemico- 

 Pharmaceutical Institute. In 1938 he became Chairman of a 

 Department in the Institute of Microbiology of the U.S.S.R. 

 Academy of Sciences. Shaposhnikov has been an Academician 

 of the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences since 1953. In 1949 he was 

 awarded a Stalin Prize. 



Shaposhnikov' s main investigations are in technical micro- 

 biology. While studying metabolism in microorganisms, he 

 worked out a classification of energy processes which reflect 

 processes of evolution of fermenting microorganisms. The in- 

 vestigations of Shaposhnikov had considerable significance for 

 organization and improvement of a number of industrial pro- 

 cesses, which were based on the action of microorganisms. 

 His studies of the physiology of lactic bacteria allowed him to 

 work out an industrial scheme for producing lactic acid (the so- 

 called protein method); investigations of butyric and acetic acid 

 bacteria also led to the improvement of corresponding process- 

 es. In 1929 Shaposhnikov undertook the study of acetone-butyl 

 fermentation, at first in the laboratory and subsequently under 

 semi-plant conditions. The process data obtained were used 

 in planning and construction of the first U.S.S.R. Acetone -butyl 

 plant. His work on the mobility of sap in plants found a practi- 

 cal application in a new method of tapping pines. 

 Bibliography: 



and others. New Tapping of the Pine Tree. Moscow: 1937. 

 On the significance of physiological signs in the systematics 

 of microorganisms. Mikrobiologiya, 1942, #1-2, 1-14; 1944, 

 #1, 1-22. 



