415 VINOGRADOV 



Study of the interaction of a primary component of cosmic 

 rays with a substance in the stratosphere. Zhur. Eksptl. i 

 Teoret. Fiz., 1949, 19, #7. 

 Biography: 



Grigorov. N. L . Investigation of Cosmic Rays in the Strato- 

 sphere. On the Work of the Laureate of the Stalin Prize, 

 Professor S. N. Vernov. Successes of Contemporary Sci- 

 ences. Moscow -Leningrad: 1950. 

 Office: Physics Department 



Moscow University 

 Moscow, USSR 

 Residence: Leninskiye gory, sekt. "L" 



Moscow, USSR 

 Telephone: B9 34 17 



VINOGRADOV, ALEKSANDR PAVLOVICH (Geochemist and 

 Analytical Chemist) 



A. P. Vinogradov was born August 21, 1895. In 1943 he be- 

 came a Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of 

 the U.S.S.R., and since 1953 he has been an Academician. He 

 was made, in 1949, a hero of Socialist Labor. 



Vinogradov graduated from the Medical Military Academy 

 and Leningrad University in 1924. He was a pupil and close 

 collaborator of B. I. Vernadskii, the founder of the Russian 

 School of Geochemistry. In 1948 he became Director of the 

 Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, U.S.S.R. 

 Academy of Sciences. Both in 1949 and 1951, he was winner of 

 Stalin Prizes. 



His fields of interest are the distribution of chemical ele- 

 ments in the upper part of the earth's crust, the investigation of 

 primary rock from which the sedimental part of the earth's 

 surface was formed, and the role played by vulcanic materials 

 in the formation of this upper part. While studying the salts in 

 the ocean, he came to the conclusion that cations of the sea 

 water are products of the erosion of magmatic rocks and that 

 anions are of vulcanic origin. 



Vinogradov has worked predominantly with rare and widely 

 dispersed chemical elements. In geochemistry of the individual 

 elements (halogen, boron, strontium, etc.), he emphasized the 

 importance of knowing, not only absolute amounts of the ele- 

 ments but also the ratios of the closely related elements, as 

 that of chlorine to bromine or strontium to calcium. He de- 

 scribed geochemically more than forty rare and widely dis- 

 persed elements for different soil zones and showed their roles 



