THE ANATOMY OF SCIENCE 85 



to impose an organization on the remainder of the inquiry to which 

 this book has been directed. 



SCIENCE 



COSMOLOGY TECHNOLOGY 



Even after we distinguish science from technology and cosmology, 

 there remain diflFerences of opinion on what we mean by "science." 

 Conant notes two apparently contradictory opinions, qualified by him 

 as the "static" and the "dynamic." In the static view we associate 

 science with the fabric of scientific knowledge, as when Dingle 

 writes : 



Science is an achievement and not a method of achieving. 



On the other hand, from considerations of probability theory Brown 

 infers "... a tendency to diminution of scientific knowledge in the 

 absence of further experimentation or confirmation"; and so adopts 

 the dynamic view: 



Left to itself, the world of science slowly diminishes as each result 

 classed as scientific has to be reclassed as anecdotal or historical. . . . 

 Science is a continuous living process; it is made up of activities 

 rather than records; and if the activities cease it dies. 



Consider that "work," "learning," and "research" have all dual 

 usages, as verbs and nouns. "Science" is explicitly only a noun, but 

 implicitly it shares a significant dualism of meaning with "learning," 

 etc.— and even with its supposed opposite, "art." Art may be the 

 activity of artists, but also the pictures, sculptures, etc. so produced. 

 Holding a "dynamic" view of art, one can maintain that art is dead 

 if no pictures are being produced. But holding that pictures are last- 

 ing achievements even when no more such pictures are being painted 

 —adopting a "static" view— one speaks of Aurignacean cave painting 

 as art. Recognizing the implicit dualism of "science," we obviate the 

 apparent contradiction of dynamic and static views. 



I do not complicate the diagram to indicate the dual meanings of 

 technology and cosmology, but my representation fails seriously by 



