THE ANATOMY OF SCIENCE 87 



Organized science 



Creative 

 science 



SCIENCE 



Anticipatory apparatus 



Heuristic apparatus 



dictive capacities grow, always we find increase in the number of 

 relations, and of the relations between relations sketched in theories 

 heie functioning as correlative devices. Dingle urges that: 



... if, as we must surely do, we wish to characterize science by the 

 element in it that persists and grows, and not by that which con- 

 tinually changes, we must recognize . . . the progressive discovery 

 of relations between the various constituents of our experience, . . . 

 Amid all the changes of theories and pictures and conceptions, the re- 

 lations remain and steadily accumulate. Franklin found that lightning 

 was a manifestation of the electric ether revealed in laboratory ex- 

 periments. The electric ether has disappeared, and other theories of 

 electricity have in turn succeeded it and disappeared also, but the rela- 

 tion between lightning and laboratory sparks remains. Maxwell es- 

 tablished a relation between light and electromagnetic oscillations. 

 His ether also has gone, but the relation stays. All pennanent ad- 

 vances in science are discoveries of relations betv\^een phenomena, 

 and the factor in science that shows a steady uninterrupted growth is 

 the extent of the field of related observations. 



This effective immortality of scientific relations, together with some 

 other of their characteristics, I examine in Chapter V. 



The heuristic apparatus. The heuristic apparatus is the repository 

 of tools for the winning of new knowledge. Though of great diversity, 

 these tools fall naturally in two major groups. I imagine the heuristic 

 apparatus bifurcated into two lobes. A conceptual lobe represents 

 the tools of thought. An empirical lobe represents the tools of action 

 —the instruments and devices, techniques and procedures, materials 

 and specimens with and on which the scientist makes his observa- 



