236 CHARLES DEKONINCK 



and I say, " Oh I see," I do not mean that I see with my eyes, 

 since the figures on the blackboard I see with my eyes are 

 not exactly what it is that I understand. Seeing is said here 

 of understanding. So "seeing" — the word — is still materially 

 the same, but it has a prior meaning, and we use the same 

 word because this sameness expresses the passage that our 

 mind makes from what we know less to what we know more. 

 " To see " is an analogous term. 



Take the word " light " for a second instance: " sunlight," 

 " candlelight," " the light of reason," or, " to examine a problem 

 in the light of calculus." Is " light " used as a metaphor, or 

 as an analogous term? It all depends. If you have changed 

 the meaning of the term " light " — extending it to identify this 

 new kind of thing that you want to designate by it — if you 

 have actually stretched the meaning of the word, then it is 

 an analogous term. But if you retain exclusively the first 

 meaning of the word as in " candlelight " or " sunlight," and 

 have not changed what we call the imposition, then your 

 application of this word in the " light of geometry " is a meta- 

 phor. An analogous term may have first been used as a 

 metaphor, such as the word " tongue " when meant of speech. 

 But eventually the word was intended to mean both organ 

 and language. " The English tongue," or " la langue fran^aise " 

 are not metaphors. But not all metaphors can become ana- 

 logical terms. " Brief candle " is a fine metaphor for human 

 life, but we would hardly say that our life is such in a large 

 sense of " brief candle "; or that a heart is of stone in the 

 large sense of stone. Nonetheless Darwin, explaining why he 

 uses a metaphor, is actually giving reasons which, to an Aris- 

 totelian, make the expression an analogous one, although 

 Darwin calls it metaphorical. It is actually analogy and I will 

 show you why. We should say " in a large, extended sense," 

 as distinguished from a metaphor whose sense has not changed 

 when applied to something else, although the mode of signifying 

 does change. 



You may now wonder what the purpose is in going into the 



