408 



THE NEW INDIVIDUAL 



Part IV 



THE "ROYAL" HEMOPHILIA PEDIGREE' 



QUEEN VICTORIA 

 OF ENGLAND 



PRINCE 

 ALBERT 



(^ 



VICTORIA'S CHILDREN "] 



SYMBOLS: 



©CARRIER or 

 HEMOPHIUA GENE 



I HEMOPHILIAC 



r~I OrO ^f^^^ OF GENE 

 '— ' ^^ FOR. HEMOPHILIA 



I 

 CERMAN 



a-rO &tU i-rONs^H 



VICTORIA 



fMPRESS 



OF 



6ERMANY 



FOWARO 

 OF EMGLAND 



ira 



OUEEN ALICE 

 ALEX- 

 ANDRA 



NO DESCENPANTS OF 

 tpWARD (members 

 Of PRESEhTT BRITISH 

 ROYAlFAMILY) RECEIVE 

 HEMOPHIUA GENE 



LUDWIG 

 12 OF 

 HESSE 



lEOPOLD 

 OF 



Albany 



WINCE 

 HENRY 



PRUSSIA 



1 



/ 



IRENE PRINCE 

 OF FRIEP- 

 HESSE RICH 



"'6-Hii (i)-ra 



HELEN BEATRICE 



OF 

 WALOECK 



VICTOKIA PRINCE ALICE 

 LOUIS Of (CZAR- 

 BATTEN- ina; 



or 







DIED 

 tCHjNO 



CZAR Alice 



NiCHOtAi 



rr OF 



ROSS/A 



in 



a 



HENRY. 

 PRINCE OF 

 BAtTEMBERO 



^)Ta 



ALEXAN- 



PER OF 



TECK 



VIC- 

 TORIA. 

 OUEEN 



ALFON- 

 SO XDI 

 KING 



OF 



SPAIN 



6 



<ROWN 



PRINCESS 



ELIIABETH 



CZAREVITCH 

 ALEXI 



LORD 

 TREMATOM 



ALFONSO 60NZAU) 

 PIO MANUEL 



PRINCE PMILlP 

 MOUNTBATTEN 



ALL CHILDREN FREE 

 OF HEMOPHILIA GENE 



Fig. 20.16. Descendants of Queen Victoria, showing the distribution of hemo- 

 phiUa, evidently a mutation. (Data by litis. From The New You and Heredity by 

 Amram Scheinfeld. Copyright, 1939, 1950, by Amram Scheinfeld, published by 

 J. B. Lippincott Company.) 



Mutations 



A mutation is an inheritable change in a gene. This definition applies to 

 changes in the genes of sperm cells and eggs. They are the all important 

 mutations, the ones ordinarily meant by the term, mutation. They are the 

 ones discussed here. Changes in the genes of body cells do occur but are 

 exceptional and never inherited. 



Mutation and Evolution. The evolution of living things is possible only 

 because a gene can change and can reproduce itself in the changed form 

 (Figs. 20.18, 20.19). How one gene changes into another kind is one of the 

 greatest problems of biology. The change in one gene on one chromosome of 

 an egg can establish a new kind of plant or animal which in good time may 

 spread over the earth. 



Mutations were discovered by Hugo de Vries, one of the rediscoverers of 

 Mendel's pioneer paper on genetics. Since then mutations have been found 



