Pupa 



Fig. 30.7. Upper, types of life histories and metamorphoses: gradual meta- 

 morphosis of the grasshopper; incomplete metamorphosis of the dragonfly that 

 lives in water and breathes by internal tracheal gills during immaturity, and on 

 land as an adult; complete change of form in the army worm. Lower, transforma- 

 tion of a dragonfly. Left, the full-grown nymph has crawled onto a floating lily 

 pad. The adult has emerged through a crack in the nymphal skin, and is bent 

 backward still wet and soft, with wings tightly folded. Right, the adult rests with 

 stiffening wings unfurled. (Upper, courtesy, Strausbaugh and Weimer: General 

 Biology. New York, John Wiley and Sons, 1952. Lower, photographs by Lynwood 

 M. Chace. Courtesy, National Audubon Society.) 



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