602 



EVOLUTION OF ANIMALS 



Part V 



Ocelli 



Compound 

 eye 



Fig. 30.10. Grasshopper. The tarsus of the hind foot is comparable to the sole 

 of the human foot in relation to the surface. Foothold is strengthened by claws 

 and non-skid pads. The hind legs are the powerful equipment for take-off in the 

 jump of grasshoppers as they are in kangaroos. 



prothorax there is a saddle-shaped sclerite that extends forward and protects 

 the neck. Each of the other divisions bears one pair of spiracles and a pair of 

 legs and wings; in the course of evolution the sclerites in these divisions have 

 been greatly modified in accommodating the large muscles of locomotion. 



Legs. In climbing plant stems grasshoppers pull with their front legs and 

 push with the hind ones. Their take-off for a jump is a relatively enormous 



compound eye 



maxillary palp 



Fig. 30.11. Head and mouth parts of the grasshopper; outer surfaces of the 

 jaws (mandibles) and upper lip (labrum); inner surfaces of the maxillae and 

 lower lip (labium). (After Snodgrass. Reprinted from Animals Without Backbones 

 by Buchsbaum, by permission of The University of Chicago Press. Copyright, 

 1948.) 



