F 4700.0010-F 5000.0010 FIXATIVES 221 



4700.0010 Wolters test. 1896 Kahlden and Laurent Kahlden and Laurent 1896, 73 



formula: water 125, 95% ale. 125, cupric sulfate, potassium dichromate, a.a. to sat., 

 acetic acid 0.75 



4700.1000 Cupric-dichromate-formaldehyde 



4700.1000 Kenyon 1896 11135, 6:133 



formula: water 200, copper sulfate 5, potassium dichromate 9.5, 40% formaldehyde 50 



4700.1000 Strong 1903 11135, 13:290 



formula: water 125, 40% formaldehyde 125, copper dichromate 6.25 



4900.0040 CUPRIC-(0THER ORGANIC AGENT)-NITRIC 



4900.0040 Petrunkewitsch 1933 19938,77:117 



formula: water 100, 96% ale. 150, ether 12.5, copper nitrate 5, nitric acid 7.5, paranitro- 



phenol 12.5 

 note: See also Roskin 1946. 



4900.0040 Roskin 1946 Roskin 1946, 97 



formula: water 100, dioxane 150, copper nitrate 5, nitric acid 7.5, paranitrophenol 12.5 

 note: This is stated by Roskin {loc. cit.) to be a modification of Petrunkewitsch 1933. 



4900.0040 Waterman 1937 20540b, 12 :21 



formula: water 100, dioxane 150, copper nitrate 5, nitric acid 7.5, paranitrophenol 12.5, 

 ether 12.5 (added after other ingredients have stood 2-3 days and been filtered) 



F 5000 PICRIC ACID IN COMBINATION WITH 

 FIXATIVE AGENTS OF HIGHER NUMERICAL RANK 



5000.0000 Picric Alone 



Picric acid is not a good fixative. It forms, with the cytoplasmic constituents of the cell, 

 compounds which are easily water-soluble, so that fixation in any of the mixtures containing 

 no other primary fixative constituent than picric acid always shows huge vacuoles. Special 

 after-treatment is also required for the removal of picric acid, and it is notoriously almost 

 impossible to secure differentiation of histological structures after fixation in picric mixtures. 

 These considerations do not, however, prevent their being the most popular class of fixatives 

 in use at the present time. 



6000.0000 Gage test. 1920 Mayer Mayer 1920, 39 



formula: water 125, 95% ale. 125, picric acid 0.5 



5000.0010 Picric-acetic 



The acidified picric mixtures given in this class and the next three classes have nothing to 

 recommend them for any purpose save an occasional special technique. They give wretched 

 preservation of cytoplasmic constituents, and there are many better fixatives for nuclei. 



5000.0010 Armitage 1939 Microscope, 3 :213 



formula: water 100, picric acid 1.1, acetic acid 25, dioxane 125 



50000.0010 Allen and McClung 1950 Jones 1950, 60 



formula: water 125, dioxane 100, picric acid 1.2, acetic acid 25 



5000.0010 Bigelow 1902 4604, 40 :66 



formula: water 240, picric acid 3, acetic 12.5 

 note: The original formula calls for a saturated solution of picric acid in 5% acetic. 



5000.0010 Boveri 1887 10899, 21 :433 



formula: water 250, picric acid 3, acetic acid 2.5 



5000.0010 Davidoff 1899 14246, 9:118 



formula: water 190, picric acid 2,4, acetic acid 60 



