260 METHODS AND FORMULAS AF 21.1-22.1 



21.1 Schmorl 1928a Schmorl 1928, 44 



formula: water 90, 40% formaldehyde 10, nitric acid 10 



21.1 Schmorl 1928b Schmorl 1928, 48 



formula: water 100, potassium dichromate 2, sodium sulfate 1, nitric acid 0.3 



21.1 Schridde 1910 test. 1937 Gatenby and Painter Gatenby and Painter 1937, 252 



formula: water 90, 40% formaldehyde 10, nitric acid 10 



21.1 Sailer 1881 Seller 1881, 43 



formula: water 100, chromic acid 0.5, nitric acid 1 



note: Gatenby and Cowdry 1937, 253, attribute to "Seller" (without reference) a fluid 

 containing half the quantity of chromic and three times the quantity of nitric. 



21.1 Tello 1932 lest. 1933 Cajal and de Castro Cajal and de Castro 1933, 369 



formula: water 95, nitric acid 5, chloral hydrate 15 



21.1 Thoma 1891 23632, 8:191 



reagents required: A. 1% nitric acid in 95% ale. B. 95% ale. rendered milky with 



chalk 

 method: [fixed tissues]^ A, changed daily till decalcified—^ B, changed daily, till 



acid-free 



21.1 Waldeyer test. 1891 Haug ' 23632, 8:4 



REAGENTS REQUIRED: A. 0.17% chromic acid; B. 0.25% chromic acid; C. 0.5% chromic 



acid; D. water 100, chromic acid 0.5, nitric acid 2 

 method: [fresh tissue] -^ A, 2 days — » B, 2 days —> C, 4 days -^ C, till decalcified 



21.1 Welling circ. 1938 Welling circ. 1938, 37 



REAGENTS REQUIRED: A. water 100, potassium dichromate 1, chromic acid 0.1; B. water 



100, chromic acid 0.1, nitric acid 2 

 method: [embryos] —> A, frequently charged, several wks. — > B, frequently changed, 



till decalcified 



21.1 Wilson 1934 11431,39:531 



REAGENTS REQUIRED: A. 4% formaldehyde in 0.9% sodium chloride; B. ether 50, abs. 



ale. 50; C. ether; D. 20% nitric acid; E. sat. aq. sol. lithium carbonate 

 method: [tissue blocks] — > A, 2-3 days — > thorough wash abs. ale. via graded ale. series 



-^ B, 1 hr. — > C, 2 changes, 1 hr. each -^ B, I hr. — » water, via graded ale. series — > D, 



in vacuo, till effervescence ceases (20 mins.-3 hrs.) -^ E, large volume, in vacuo, till 



effervescence ceases (few niins.) — > wash — > [paraffin sections] 



AF 22 EMPLOYING ALKALINE OR NEUTRAL MEDIA 

 FOR DECALCIFICATION 



22.1 Birge and Imhoff 1952 Tech. Bull, 22:16 



formula: ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, tetrasodium 10, water 100 

 note: This salt which is Versene, and its close relatives Calsol, Versenate, and Scqvrslrene, 

 chelate with metal ions to form nonionized compounds. The decalcifying action is 

 slow, but is stated by the authors to have no action on the staining quality of the 

 tissues. 



22.1 Kramer and Shipley lest. 1929 Shipley McClung 1929, 260 



formula: water 70, citric acid 25, magnesium oxide 1.3, ammonia 30, hydrochloric acid 



q.s. for pH 7.5 

 preparation: Dissolve the citric acid with heat in 30 hot water, add the magnesium 



oxide and stir to solution. Cool, add ammonia, dilute to 100, leave 24 hours and filter. 



Adjust to pH 7.5 with hydrochloric acid. 



22.1 White 1923 11431,26:425 



formula: adjust a 6% solution of acetic acid to pH 7.5-8 with ammonia 



