262 METHODS AND FORMULAS AF 31.1-41.1 



31.1 Grynfelt and Mestrezat 1906 6630, 61:87 



formula: water 55, barium chlorate 25, sulfuric acid 4.25 



PREPARATION OF STOCK: Dissolve barium chlorate in 35 warm water. Cool below 30°C. 

 Mix sulfuric acid in 20 water. Add to chlorate solution in small portions with constant 

 agitation. Filter. 

 WORKING solution: 90% ale. 100, stock solution 15 



31.1 Langeron 1942 Langeron 1942, 670 



formula: water 100, sodium perborate 17, oxalic acid 6 



preparation: Dissolve sodium perborate in water. Add oxalic acid to solution. 

 note: This is equivalent to "12-vol." hydrogen peroxide. 



31.1 Mayer 1880 14246,2:8 



formula: potassium chlorate 0.1, hydrochloric acid 0.1, 70% ale. 100 

 preparation: Mix potassium chlorate and hydrochloric acid in flask. Leave till chlorine 

 freely produced. Add ale. 



31.1 Mayer 1881 14246, 2:8 



formula: potassium chlorate 0.1, hydrochloric acid 0.3, 70% ale. 100 

 preparation: Mix potassium chlorate and hydrochloric acid. Wait few moments. Add 

 70% ale. 



31.1 Monckeberg and Bethe 1899 1780, 54:135 



formula: water 100, sodium bisulfite 2, hydrochloric acid 1 



31.1 Murdock 1945 4349,25:71 



formula: acetone 50, hydrogen peroxide (3%) 50, ammonia 0.06 

 recommended for: removal of laked blood pigments in formaldehyde-fixed tissue. 



31.1 Lundvall 1927 766,62:353 



formula: 95% ale. 90, 40% formaldehyde 10, oxalic acid 6 

 recommended for: synchronous preservation and bleaching of small vertebrates in 



which it is intended to stain bone or cartilage. See particularly DS 21.11 Lundvall 



1927. 



31.1 Tomlinson and Grocott 1944 see DS 23.33 Tomlinson and Grocott 1944 (note) 



AF 40 Macerating and Digesting Agents 



These were at one time very much more widely used than they are now, for it appears to 

 be the present custom to endeavor either to see everything in sections, or to reconstruct from 

 sections what the structure would have looked like had it not been cut to pieces. It is a great 

 deal simpler, in many cases, to macerate the tissues in order that individual cells may be 

 separated. The process of maceration involves the solution, either by acid hydrolysis or 

 enzyme hydrolysis, of the materials which attach the cells one to another. At the same time 

 that this solution is going on, it is necessary to provide a fixative which will prevent swelling 

 or dissociation of the cells themselves. There is naturally a rather critical time factor, and 

 the process can only be handled properly by trial and error. It may be added that almost 

 any fixative, if diluted with 20 or 30 times its volume of water, will in fact become a macer- 

 ating agent. Even 30% alcohol, the use of which is usually attributed to Ranvier (Lee 1890, 

 241) will produce disassociation of many tissues. 



AF 41 METHODS USING HYDROLYSIS 



AF 41.1 Formulas for Acid Hydrolyzing Solutions 



41.1 Apathy 1898 23632, 10:49 



formula: water 30, glycerol 30, 95% ale. 30, acetic acid 5, nitric acid 5 



41.1 Becher and Demoll 1913a Becher and Demoll 1913, 24 



formula: water 100, osmic acid 0.25, chloral hydrate 3 



41.1 Becher and Demoll 1913b Becher and Demoll 1913, 23 



formula: water 30, 95% ale. 30, glycerol 30, nitric acid 5, acetic acid 5 



