300 METHODS AND FORMULAS DS 11.21 



any material suitable for the purpose, media of Zirkel 1940 (see Chapter 26). 

 Alternativel}^ recourse may be had to These are considerably more stable but 

 the combined mounting and staining cannot be regarded as permanent. 



11.21 ALUM CARMINES 



11.21 Anderson 1926 11431,29:117 



formula: water 95, abs. ale. 10, acetic acid 5, carmine 1, ammonium alum 3.5, calcium 



hypochlorite 0.1 

 preparation: To the carmine suspended in the ale, add the hypochlorite suspended 



in 5 water. Dissolve the alum in 90 water, bring to boil, add carmine mixture boil 1 



minute, cool, filter. Add acid. 



11.21 Arcangeli 1885a 16977,4:233 



formula: water 100, ammonium alum 15, boric acid 2, carmine 0.25 

 preparation: Boil 10 minutes. Filter. 



11.21 Arcangeli 1885b 16977,4:233 



formula: water 100, ammonium alum 15, salicylic acid 0.25, carmine 0.25 

 preparation: As Arcangeli 1885a. 



11.21 Bohm and Oppel 1907 see DS 11.21 Rabl 1894 (note) 



11.21 Czokor 1880 1780, 18:413 



formula: water 100, cochineal 2, potassium alum 2, phenol 0.25 



preparation: Suspend the cochineal and alum in 200 water. Boil till volume is reduced 

 to 100. Leave 2 days, filter, and add phenol to filtrate. 



11.21 Fyg 1928 see DS 11.28 Fyg 1928 



11.21 Gower 1939 2054b, 14:31 



formula: water 100, alum 5, residue from preparation of DS 11.23 Schneider 1880 {q.v.) 



0.5 

 note: This was originally recommended for trematodes, but is an excellent general- 

 purpose, wholemount stain. 



11.21 Grenacher 1879 1780, 16:465 



, formula: water 100, carmine 1, ammonium alum 10 

 preparation: Add the carmine to the boiling alum solution. Cool. Filter. 

 method: [water] —> suitable dilution of stain, till sufficiently stained -^ balsam, via 



usual reagents 

 note: The larger the animal, the greater the dilution. For protozoans use full strength 

 overnight; for a large leech use 1 :5000 for 2 months. This stain is frequently confused 

 with 11.22 Grenacher 1879. Mahrenthal's carmine (Rawitz 1895, 60) is 4 parts of this 

 solution with 1 of 95% ale. 



11.21 Guyer 1930 Guyer 1930, 9 



formula: water 100, potassium alum 6, cochineal 6 

 preparation: Boil 30 minutes. Dilute to 150. Boil till reduced to 100. Cool. Filter. 



11.21 Kirkpatrick test. 1938 Carleton and Leach cit. Cappell 



Carleton and Leach 1938, 105 

 formula: water 100, acetic acid 2.5, ammonium alum 2.5, cochineal 2.5, salicylic acid 



0.1 

 preparation: Soak cochineal 20 minutes in 10 water with 2.5 acetic acid. Add 40 water 

 and boil 1 hour. Dissolve alum in 50 water, bring to boil, and add to boiling cochineal. 

 Boil 1 hour. Cool, make up to 100, filter, add salicylic acid. 



11.21 Mahrenthal see DS 11.21 Grenacher 1879 (note) 



11.21 Mayer 1892 C ar malum— auct. 14246,10:482 



formula: water 100, potassium alum 5, carminic acid 0.5 



use: Full strength, usually for 1 to 10 days, on embryos prior to embedding and section- 

 ing. 



