DS 11.21 DS 11.22 DYE STAINS OF GENERAL APPLICATION 301 



11.21 Mayer 1897 Carmnlum—aucl. 23032,14:29 



formula: water 100, potassium alum 5, carmino 2 

 preparation: Boil 1 hour. Cool. Filter. 



note: a detailed description of the use of this stain in the preparation of a wholemount 

 is given under 11.20 above. 



11.21 Partsch 1877 1780, 14:180 



formula : water 100, potassium alum 6, cochineal 3, salicylic acid 25 

 preparation: Boil alum and cochineal 2 hours. Cool. Filter. Add salicylic acid. 



11.21 Rabl 1894 23G32, 11:168 



formula: water 100, potassium ahim 4, cochineal 1 

 preparation: Suspend cochineal and alum in 130 water. Boil till reduced to 100. Cool. 



Filter. 

 note: The formula of Bohm and Oppel 1907, 98 is in every way identical. 



11.21 Rawitz 1895 Rawitz 1895, Gl 



formula: water 100, potassium alum 5, carminic acid 0.5 



11.21 Rawitz 1899 766,15:438 

 formula: water 50, glycerol 50, ammonium alum 6.5, carminic acid 0.7 

 preparation: Dissolve the dye with heat in the alum solution. Filter. Add glycerol. 



11.22 ALCOHOLIC CAUMINEvS 



11.22 Grenacher 1879 Alcoholic borax carmine — compl. script. 



1780, 16:448 



preparation of dry stock: Boil 250 water, 8 carmine, 10 sodium borate for 30 minutes. 

 Cool overnight. Filter. Evaporate filtrate to dryness. 



working formula from dry stock: 30%, 50%, or 70% ale. 100, dry stock to sat. 



preparation working formula direct: Boil 50 water, 1.5 carmine, 2 sodium borate 

 for 30 minutes. Cool. Add 50 70% ale. Leave 2-3 days. Filter. 



reagents required: A. any selected working formula; B. 0.1% hydrochloric acid in 

 70% ale. 



method: [alcohol of lower concentration than selected working formula]-^ A, not less 

 than 12 hrs. — > B, till pink and translucent — » balsam, via usual reagents 



note: Though it is customary to prepare the working solution direct, much better results 

 may be obtained from dry stock in variously concentrated alcohol. The solubility de- 

 creases very rapidly with increasing alcoholic content so that power of the stain may 

 be accurately controlled. A detailed description of the use of this stain in the prepara- 

 tion of a wholemount is given under 11.20 above. 



11.22 von Mahrenthal see DS 11.21 Grenacher 1879 (note) 



11.22 Mayer 1881 Alcoholic cochineal — compl. script. 14246,2:14 

 formula: water 30, 95% ale. 70, cochineal 10 

 preparation: Digest 1 week. Filter. 

 method: [marine invertebrate larvae, formaldehyde or alcohol preserved] —> stain, 1-10 



mins. —^70% ale, till differentiated — > balsam, via usual reagents 

 note: For the material indicated this stain gives better results than other carmine 



formulas. 



11.22 Mayer 1892a Paracarmine — compl. script. 14246,10:491 



reagents required: A. 70% ale. 100, ahaninum chloride 0.5, strontium chloride 4, 



carminic acid 1; B. 0.1% strontium chloride in 70% ale. 

 method: [small invertebrates] -^ 50% ale. — > .4, till required structures are stained, 5 



mins. to 1 wk. — » i?, if differentiation necessary -^ balsam, via cedar oil 



11.22 Mayer 1892b 14246, 10:498 



formula: water 50, 95% ale. 50, nitric acid 0.3, cochineal 5, calcium chloride 5, alumi- 

 num chloride 0.5 

 preparation: Grind the dry ingredients to a paste with the acid. Mix solvents with 

 paste, bring to boil, leave 5 days, filter. 



