302 METHODS AND FORMULAS DS 11.22-DS 11.23 



11.22 Schwarz 1933 23632, 50:305 



formula: water 50, methanol 50, carmine 2, sodium borate 2 



preparation: Boil the carmine and sodium borate I hour in 100 water. Evaporate to 25. 

 Cool. Dilute to 50 and add 50 methanol. Leave 1 day. Filter. 



11.22 Seller 1881 SeUer 1881, 62 



formula: water 100, 95% ale. 50, sodium borate 1, carmine 0.6 



11.22 Spuler test. 1907 Bohm and Oppel Bohm and Oppel 1907, 99 

 formula: water 100, cochineal 10, 95% ale. q.s. 



preparation: Boil the cochineal in 100 water till reduced to 50. Add 95% ale. until 

 ppt. appears. Filter. Evaporate to 100. 



11.23 aceto-carmines 



11.23 Belling 1921 651, 54:573 



preparation: To 50 DS 11.23 Schneider 1880 add ADS 12.2 Belling 1921 until ppt. 



appears. Then add 50 DS 11.23 Schneider 1880. 

 method: [smears for chromosome counts, or fresh cestodes for diagnosis]—* stain, on 



slide — > examine 

 note: a detailed description of the use of this stain is given under 11.20 above. 



11.23 Gower 1939 see DS 11.21 Gower 1939 



11.23 Henneguy 1887 Henneguy 1887, 88 



STOCK formula: water 100, potassium alum 6, carmine 2, acetic acid 25 

 preparation of stock: Boil the dye and alum in the water 1 hour. Cool. Add acid; leave 



10 days, filter. 

 WORKING solution: a. water 99, stock 1 



method: [95% ale] —* A, until stained —> distilled water -^ balsam, via usual reagents 

 note: This is the only aceto-carmine well adopted for general staining of wholemounts. 



11.23 Nickiforow test. 1900 Pollack Pollack 1900, 76 



formula: water 100, carmine 3, sodium borate 10, ammonia q.s., acetic acid 0.5 

 preparation: Boil dye and sodium borate 1 minute in 200 water. Add ammonia drop by 

 drop till all carmine is dissolved. Evaporate to 100. Add acid. 



11.23 Schneider 1880 23833,3:254 



formula: water 55, acetic acid 45, carmine 5 

 preparation: Boil 15 minutes under reflux. Cool. Filter. 

 method: as Belling 1921 

 note: This formula is frequently (cf. Gatenby and Painter 1937, 685) attributed to 



Belling 1921 (q.v.). The residue on the filter paper may be used in the preparation of 



DS 11.21 Gower 1939. 



11.23 Semmens 1938 see M 11.1 Semmens 1938 



11.23 Semichon 1924 19227a, 11:193 



REAGENTS REQUIRED: A. water 50, acetic acid 50, carmine 5; B. 70% alcohol 

 preparation of a : Digest ingredients 1 hour at 90°C. Cool. Filter. 

 method: [living material] -^ A, till stained -* B, till differentiated — > balsam, via usual 

 reagents 



11.23 Zacharias 1894 23833, 11 :62 



REAGENTS REQUIRED: A. water 70, acetic acid 30, carmine 0.5; B. 1% acetic acid; C. 1% 



ferric ammonium citrate 

 PREPARATION OF A : As Semichou 1924. 

 method: [whole objects to be sectioned, or sections] — > water -^ A, 2-5 hrs. — > B, rinse 



-^ C, 2-3 hrs. -* distilled water, thorough wash —> balsam, or paraflfin, via usual 



reagents 



11.23 Zirkle 1937 see M 12.1 Zirkle 1937 and M 13.1 Zirkle 1937 



