DYE STAINS OF SPECIAL APPLICATION 375 



22 Dye stains for cytological elements (cell inclusions and extrusions not known 

 to be organisms) 



22.1 Nuclei 



22.10 Typical example 



Demonstration of mitosis in an onion root tip using the rose 

 bengal-orange G-toluidine blue stain of Kedrovsky 1931 



22.11 Other techniques 



22.2 Mitochondria and Golgi apparatus 



22.20 Typical example 



Demonstration of mitochondria in the pancreas using the acid 

 fuchsin-toluidine blue-aurantia stain of KuU 1914 



22.21 Otlier techniques 



22.3 Nissl granules 



22.4 Yolk granules and fat granules 



22.5 Plastids 



22.6 Starch, glycogen, and amyloid granules 



22.7 Mucin 



22.8 Other cell inclusions and extrusions 



23 Selective stains for specific organisms 



23.1 Virus, Rickettsia, and Negri bodies 



23.10 Typical examples 



Demonstration of Rickettsia in the scrotum of a guinea pig 

 using the magenta-thionine stain of Macchiavello 1938 

 Demonstration of Negri bodies in the brain of a guinea pig using 

 the ethyl eosin-methylene blue technique of Stovall and Black 

 1940 



23.11 Methods of staining unidentified "organisms" smaller than 

 bacteria 



23.12 Methods for Rickettsia 



23.13 Methods for Negri, and other virus-inclusion bodies 



23.2 Bacteria 



23.20' Typical e.xamples 



Staining a bacterial film with crystal violet by the technique 



of Hucker (1929) 



Demonstration of Gram-positive bacteria in smear preparation 



by the method of Gram 1884 



Demonstration of tubercle baccili in sputum by the technique 



of Neelson 1883 



Demonstration of the flagella of Proteus vulgaris by the method 



of Tribondeau, Fichet, and Dubreuil 1916 



Demonstration of pneumococci in the liver of the rabbit using 



the phloxine-methylene blue-azur II stain of Mallory 1938 



23.21 In smears 



23.211 General methods 



23.212 Iodine differential methods 



23.213 Methods for acid-fast organisms 



23.214 Methods for spirochetes 



23.215 Flagella stains 



23.216 Spore stains 



23.217 Capsule stains 



23.218 Diphtheria bacilli 



23.219 Other methods for bacterial smears 



23.22 In sections of tissue 



23.221 General methods 



23.222 Iodine differential methods 



23.223 Methods for acid-fast organisms 



23.224 Other methods for bacteria in sections 



23.3 Other parasites and commensals 

 23.30 Typical examples 



Demonstration of mycelia of Penicillium in orange rind using 



