386 METHODS AND FORMULAS DS 21.11-DS 21.12 



note: The method of Must and Rose (Wellings, op. cit. 158) differs only in that whole 

 teeth, ground on each side to expose the pulp, are used. The method of Choquet 

 (Wellings, op. cit., 158) substitutes formaldehyde fixation for mercuric fixation. 



21.11 Williams 1941 20540b, 16:23 



KEAGENTS requieed: A. 0.1% ammonia; B. water 30, 95% ale. 70, hydrochloric acid 



0.05, toluidine blue 0.25; C 2% potassium hydroxide; D.2% potassium hydroxide 



100, sat. sol. {circ. 0.5%) alizarin red S in abs. ale. 0.5; E. \% sulfuric acid in 95% ale. 

 method: [formaldehyde-fixed pieces] -^ A, 24 hrs. -^ 5, 1 wk. -^ 95% ale. changed 



daily, 3 days -^ C, till bones visible — > D, 24 hrs. — > E, till soft tissues colorless -^ 



balsam, via usual reagents 

 recommended for: demonstration of cartilage (blue) and bone (red) in wholemounts. 



21.11 Williams 1946 20540b, 21:55 



REAGENTS REQUIRED: A. 3% potassium hydroxide; 5. 2% potassium hydroxide 100, 

 alizarin S q.s to color red; C. 1% sulfuric acid in 95% ale. 



method: [pieces of formaldehyde-fixed skin] -^ A, Z days ^ B, 24 hrs. — > C, (if differ- 

 entiation required) — » wash — > balsam, via usual reagents 



RECOMMENDED FOR: placoid, ctenoid, and cycloid scales. 



21.12 CARTILAGE 



21.12 Bechtol 1948 see DS 21.11 Bechtol 1948 

 21.12 Becher 1921 see DS 13.5 Becher 1921a 

 21.12 Curtis 1905 see DS 12.21 Curtis 1905 

 21.12 Johansen 1932 see DS 11.45 Johansen 1932 

 21.12 Juge 1940 see DS 21.11 Juge 1940 



21.12 Klaatsch (1896) see DS 21.11 Haatsch (1896) 



21.12 LaCour 1931 see DS 11.45 LaCour 1931 



21.12 Lundvall 1927 766, 62, 353 



REAGENTS REQUIRED: A. water 30, 95% ale. 70, hydrochloric acid 1, toluidine blue 0.25; 



B. 0.25% hydrochloric acid in 70% ale. 

 method: [embryos or small vertebrates fixed and bleached in AF 31.1 Lundvall 1927] — > 

 95% ale, wash -^ A, \ day, 40°C. -^ B, changed when necessary, 40°C., till no more 

 color comes away -^95% ale, thorough wash -^ [benzyl benzoate, via abs. ale. and 

 benzene for museum specimens] or — > balsam, via usual reagents, for microscope 

 slides 

 RECOMMENDED FOR: demonstration of cartUage in wholemounts. 



21.12 Miller 1921 see DS 21.12 van Wijhe 1902 (note) 



21.12 Newton 1927 see DS 11.45 Newton 1927 



21.12 Semichon test. 1934 Langeron Langeron 1934, 999 



formula: water 100, phenol 1, 95% ale. 1, Bismarck brown 0.1 



preparation: grind the dye in a mortar with the phenol. Add ale. while grinding. Wash 

 out with 10 successive doses of water. 



method: [water] -^ stain, 10 mins. — > 95% ale, till differentiated-^ balsam, via cedar 

 oU 



result: cartilage, dark brown. 



note: Langeron [lac. cit.) recommends preliminary staining in hemalum and counter- 

 staining in light groon. This defeats the purpose of the technique, which is to render 

 easier the reconstruction from serial sections, of cartilaginous skeletons. 



21.12 van Wijhe 1902 16592, 31:47 



REAGENTS REQUIRED: A. 70% alc. 100, liydrochloric acid 0.1, toluidine blueO.l; 5. 0.1% 

 hydrochloric acid in 70% ale; C. 0.1% hydrochloric acid in abs. ale; D. benzyl 

 benzoate 99, methyl salicylate 1 



