392 METHODS AND FORMULAS DS 21.15 



result: lignified tissue, blue; cellulose tissue, red. 



note: Emig 1941, 56 states that the less expensive Capri blue may be substituted for 

 cyanin. 



21.15 Cole 1903 Cross and Cole 1903, 171 



REAGENTS REQUIRED: A. DS 11.26 Cole 1903; B. 20% hydrochloric acid in 95% ale; C. 



2% acid green in 95% ale. 

 method: [sections] — > water — > A, 5-10 mins. -^ B, till differentiated, 1-2 mins. — ' 95% 



ale, till acid free — > C, 30 mins. -^95% ale, rinse — > balsam, via clove oil 



21.15 Conant see DS 13.5 Conant 



21.15 Conn and Darrow 1946 cit. compl. script, et litt. Sharp. Iron ahun-safranin 



Conn and Darrow 1946, llA-9 

 reagents required: A. 3% ferric alum; B. 0.1% hematoxylin; C. 3% safranin O in 



90% ale. 

 method: [sections of woody tissues, preferably cut from living material] -^ A, 10-30 

 mins. -^ water, thorough wash —> B, till stained sufficiently -^ water, rinse -^ C, 

 1-5 mins. — > water, wash ^90% ale, till dehydrated — > balsam, via benzene 

 result: lignified walls, red; unlignified walls, black. 



21.15 Darrow 1940 chlorazol black E 20540b, 15:67 



formula: 70% ale 100, chlorazol black E 1 



method: [sections] — > 70% ale -^ stain, 5-10 mins. -^ balsam, via usual reagents 

 result: differentiation of cell walls in black and varying shades of brown; cytoplasm, 

 brown, yellow, and green. 



21.15 Emig 1941 see DS 21.15 Chamberlain 1915b (note) 



21.15 Foster 1934 tannin-safranin 20540b, 9:81 



reagents required: A. water 100, tannic acid 1, sod. salicylate 1; B. 3% ferric chlo- 

 ride; C. 1% safranin in 50% ale 

 method: [sections] water—* A, 10 mins. — ^ water, wash -^ B, 5 mins. -^ repeat A —> 

 water—* B, if necessary, until cell walls sufficiently dark -^ 50% ale, 5 mins. — > C, 

 48 hrs. —♦70% ale, till differentiated — > balsam, via usual reagents 



21.15 Jackson 1926 crystal violet-erythrosin 20540b. 1 :33 



reagents required: A. 1% crystal violet; B. sat. sol. erythrosin in clove oil; C. 50% 



xylene in abs. ale 

 method: [sections] -^ water—* A, 15 mins. — * water, rinse — * 95% ale, till dehydrated 



-^ B, 1-5 mins. — > C, 1-2 mins. —> balsam, via xylene 

 result: lignified tissues, violet; other tissues, red. 



21.15 Johansen 1940 safranin-picro-anilin blue see DS 21.15 Smith 1924 (note) 



21.15 Johansen 1940 acid fuchsin-iodine green see DS 21.15 Langeron 1942 (note) 



21.15 Johansen 1940 acid fuchsin-fast green see DS 21.411 Johansen 1940 



21.15 Johansen 1940 see also DS 13.5 Johansen 1940 



21.15 Land test. 1915 Chamberlain safranin-light green 



Chamberlain 1915, 80 

 reagents required: A. DS 11.42 Babes 1887 or Conn 1915; B. sat. sol. light green in 



clove oil 

 method: [sections] — * water — > A, 2-24 hrs. -^ 50% ale, till differentiated -^ abs. ale, 



till dehydrated — > B, 3-30 mins. — > balsam, via xylene 

 result: lignified tissues, red; other tissues, green. 

 note: This method is widely known in zoological literature as "Benda's Stain"; see 



DS 11.42 Babes 1887 (note). 



21.16 Langeron 1942 carmine-iodine green Langeron 1942, 1266 

 reagents required: A. DS 11.21 Grenadier 1879; B. 0.01% iodine green 

 method: [sections] — * water -^ A, 1-3 hrs. -^ water, rinse -^ B, 5-20 sees. — * balsam, 



via usual reagents 



