5G2 METHODS AND FORMULAS MS 31.51 



31.51 Levaditi lest. 1916 Warthin 4349, 6 :56 



REAGENTS REQUIRED: A. MS 31.1 Levaditi (1916); B. AMS 21.1 Levaditi (1916) 

 method: [pieces of formaldehyde-fixed, and alcohol-hardened, tissue] -^ water —> ^ , 

 2-3 hrs. — » B, 6-9 hrs. —* thorough wash — > [paraffin sections] 



31.51 Manouelian 1918 6630, 131 :759 



REAGENTS REQUIRED: A. 4% formaldehyde; B. 1% silver nitrate; C. AMS 21.1 van 



Ermenger 1894 

 method: [small fragments of tissue] -^ A, 1-2 hrs. -^95% ale. till A removed -^ water, 

 till ale. removed -» B, 1-12 hrs. 50°C. -^ rinse —> C, 1-24 hrs. -> 5 m sections -^ bal- 

 sam, via usual reagents 

 RECOMMENDED FOR: Spirochetes in sections. 



31.51 Murray and Fielding test. 1937 Findlay 11360, 57:138 



REAGENTS REQUIRED: A. 1% silver nitrate; B. 1% pyrogallol 



method: [pieces fixed overnight in F 0000.1010 Murray and Fielding 1937] -^70% ale, 

 30 mins., 50°C. -* A, 30 mins., 50°C. -^ wash -> B, 1 hr., 50°C. -> [paraffin sections] 

 RECOMMENDED FOR: Leptospira iderohaemorrhagica in sections. 



31.51 Nakano 1912 test. 1928 Schmorl Schmorl 1928, 404 



REAGENTS REQUIRED: A. 4% formaldehyde; B. 1.5% silver nitrate; C. AMS 21.1 Leva- 

 diti 1905 

 method: [thin slices] -^ A, 10-20 mins., 37°C. —>■ 95% ale, 3-5 hrs. -^ wash -^ B, 4-5 

 hrs. in dark, 50°C. -> rinse -^ C, 4-10 hrs., 50°C. —> wash —y [paraffin sections] 



31.51 Noguchi 1913 test. Schmorl 1928 Schmorl 1928, 407 



reagents required: A. AMS 11.1 Noguchi 1913; B. 1.5% silver nitrate; C. AMS 21.1 



Noguchi 1913 

 method: [5-7 mm. slices of formaldehyde-fixed brain tissue] -^ A, 5 days -^ thorough 



wash -^95% ale, 3 days -^ water, till rehydrated — » B, 3 days, 37°C. -^ wash — > C, 



1-2 days — > wash — > [paraffin sections] 

 note: Cajal and de Castro 1933, 383 recommend AMS 21.1 Cajal 1910 in place of C 



above. 



31.51 Para 1946 1789a, 42 :649 



reagents required: A. 1% uranium nitrate; B. 1.5% silver nitrate; C. MS 33.1 Steiner 



1937 80, 10% rosin in 95% ale. 20; D. AMS 21.1 Levaditi 1905 

 method: [paraffin sections] — > water ^ A, 30 mins. — > rinse — > 5, 2 hrs., 56°C. — > rinse 



— > C, 1 hr. -^ rinse -^ D, 10-15 mins. -^ balsam, via usual reagents 

 note: This is the preferred technique. The original offers 3 alternatives to A, 3 alterna- 

 tives to C, and 3 possible substitutes for rosin in C. 



31.51 Schmorl 1928 see MS 31.51 Levaditi 1905 (note) 



31.51 Steiner 1922 14674, 121 



REAGENTS REQUIRED: A. % gum mastic in 95% ale; B. 0.1% silver nitrate; C. A 2.5, 



95% ale 25, water 75; D. 5% hydroquinone 

 method: [frozen sections of formaldehyde-fixed material] — » A, 1-2 mins. -^ short wash 



-^ B, 24 hrs., 37°C. -^ wash, 37°C. -^ C, 10 mins. -^ rinse -^ D, 4-6 hrs. -^ thorough 



wash — > balsam, via usual reagents 



31.51 Steiner 1937 11284, 23:315 



reagents required: A. AMS 12.1 Steiner 1937; B. 0.1% silver nitrate; C. 3% gum 



mastic in abs. ale; D. AMS 21.1 Steiner 1937 

 method: [frozen sections of formaldehyde-fixed material] —* water —^ abs. ale — > A, 

 6-8 mins. -^ wash, till gum-free -^ B, heated till bubbles appear and cooled 20-30 

 mins. — > 95% ale, wash -^ C, 2 mins. ^ wash till gum-free —> D, heat to boiling, 

 cool — » balsam, via usual reagents 



31.51 Steiner 1939 11284, 25:204 



reagents required: A. AMS 12.1 Steiner 1939; B. 0.1% silver nitrate; C. 12.5% gum 

 mastic in abs. ale; D. AMS 21.1 Steiner 1939 



