CHLORIDES ORGANIC ACIDS ETC. 49 



xiv, 1887, p. 218 ; Zacharias, Anat. Anz., iii, 1888, pp. 24 — 27 ; 

 V. Gehuchten, ibid., 8, p. 227). Carnoy has given two formulae 

 for this important reagent. The first is — 



Glacial acetic acid . . . .1 part. 



Absolute alcohol . . . . .3 parts. 



The second is — 



Glacial acetic acid . . . .1 part. 



Absolute alcohol . . . .6 parts. 



Chloroform . . . . . 3 ,, 



The addition of chloroform is said to render the action of the 

 mixture more rapid. 



V. Beneden and Neyt take equal volumes of glacial acid and 

 absolute alcohol. 



Zacharias takes — 



Glacial acetic acid ... 1 part. 



Absolute alcohol .... 4 parts. 



Osmic acid ..... a few drops. 



Acetic alcohol is one of the most penetrating and quickly acting 

 fixatives known. It preserves both nuclei and cytoplasm, and 

 admits of staining in any way that may be preferred. It was 

 employed by all of the authors quoted for the ova of Ascaris — 

 proverbially one of the most difficult objects to fix — but we have 

 found that it is applicable to many other objects. Wash out with 

 90 per cent, alcohol, and avoid aqueous liquids as far as possible 

 in the after-treatment. 



91. Acetic Alcohol with Sublimate. Carnoy and Lebrun 

 {La Cellule, xiii, 1, 1887, p. 68, due to Gilson). 



Absolute alcohol .... 1 vol. 



Glacial acetic acid . . . . 1 ,, 



Chloroform . . . . . 1 ,, 



Sublimate to saturation. 



(The mixture does not keep long, forming ethyl acetate, which 

 precipitates.) 



Isolated ova of Ascaris, even though furnished with a shell, are 

 fixed in twenty-five to thirty seconds. Entire oviducts take about 

 ten minutes. The liquid is therefore one of the most penetrating 

 and rapidly acting of any. 



Wash out with alcohol until all traces of odour or the acetic 

 acid have disappeared (Lee washes out with alcohol containing 

 tincture of iodine). He considers this a very fine reagent. 



For Ohlmacher's mixture see § 70. 



Murray's Rapid Dehydration Carnoy Method. J. A. Murray has 

 suggested using Carney's first formula for rapid imbedding. Fix in 



