412 BLOOD AND GLANDS 



892. Young secretion granules (premucin granules) are well 

 shown after fixation in Champy's or Regaud's fixatives, staining 

 by iron alum haematoxylin or by Altmann's acid fuchsin, as in 

 the Bensley method. Counterstaining with methyl green in the 

 latter technique, stains formed mucin greenish-blue, premucin 

 red. DuTHiE {Proc. Roy. Soc, Series B, cxiv, 1933, p. 20). 



Goblet cells give all the reactions above described. See Paneth 

 {Arch. mik. Anal., xxxi, 1888, pp. 133 et seq. List, ibid., xxvii, 

 1886, p. 481). 



Mucous staining in the cells of the surface epithelium of the 

 stomach and of Briinner's glands will be described in the appro- 

 priate sections. See also Bensley {Amer. Journ. Anat., ii, 1902, 

 p. 104). 



893. Salivary Glands. It must be remembered that the nature 

 of the intercellular secretion product in the cells varies greatly 

 from animal to animal, so that it is not possible to make definite 

 rules. Good preservation of granules is usually obtainable with 

 formalin or any of the mercuric chloride fixatives. Chrome- 

 osmic fixatures such as Champy, Podwyssozki (§ 47) or those of 

 Metzner {Ahd. Hand, de Biochem., Arbeits Methoden, viii, 1915, 

 p. 185) are often successful. Iron hematoxylin or the Bensley- 

 Cowdry stain (§ 701) may show the granules extremely well or may 

 fail completely. The latter should not be used after any mercuric 

 chloride fixative. Basic anilin dyes such as toluidin blue, 

 trypan blue, or thionin are sometimes of value. 



See also Solger ( JJnters. 2 Naturlehre d. Menschen, xv, 5 and 6, 

 pp. 2-15 ; Festschr.f. Gegenbaur, ii, 1896, p. 211) ; Krause {Arch, 

 mik. Anat., xlv, 1895, p. 94 ; ibid., xlix, 1897, p. 709) ; Muller 

 {Zeit. wiss. Zool., 1898, p. 640) ; Duthie {Proc. Roy. Soc, Series B, 

 cxiv, 1933, p. 20). 



894. Gastric Glands. As in the case of the salivary glands 

 considerable confusion arises owing to staining differences between 

 the homologous gland cells in various animals. Such staining 

 methods as have been devised aim at contrasting the parietal 

 cells (Belegzellen) with the serous and mucous chief cells, some- 

 times they differentiate between the latter two. 



KoLSTER {Zeit. wiss. Mikr., xii, 1895, p. 314) stains with 

 haematoxylin followed by acid fuchsin, chief cells blue, parietal 

 cells red. Similar results are obtained by counterstaining with 

 eosin or congo red. 



Harvey {Amer. Journ. Anat., vi, 1907, p. 207), working on the 

 dog, uses Bensley's copper chrome haematoxylin as follows, for 

 parietal cell granules. Fix two hours in a mixture of equal parts 

 formalin, 3 per cent. K2Cr207, saturated mercuric chloride solution, 

 and water. Other fixatives, Kopsch, Bensley, Bouin and Zenker, 

 give poor or no fixation of the granules. Sections are placed one 

 minute in a saturated solution of neutral copper acetate, one 



