432 BONE, TEETH 



Law {Proc. Roy. Soc. Med., i, 1908, p. 45) studies nerve-endings in 

 teeth of mammals by treating paraffin sections of decalcified tissue with 

 Bethe's molybdenum toluidin blue (details in Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc, 

 1908, p. 518). 



918. Van der Stricht (Carnegie Instit. Embryol. Contrih., 

 No. 21) fixes the isolated cochlea in a 5 per cent, aqueous solution 

 of trichloracetic acid, or in Bouin's or Zenker's fluid, and stains, 

 before imbedding, in borax carmine. The sections are after- 

 wards stained in iron hasmatoxylin, Congo red and light green. 

 He obtained the best results with the membrana tectoria by 

 making one or two openings in the bony wall of the fresh cochlea 

 and exposing the piece for fifteen minutes to the vapours from 

 an aqueous solution of osmic acid or by submerging it in a 1 per 

 cent, solution of the same for one hour. Afterwards fixation was 

 completed by immersion in trichloracetic acid, Bouin's fluid or 

 Zenker's fluid, and the series of sections therefrom stained as 

 above. By this method some of the turns of the cochlea give 

 very good preparations of the structure of the membrana tectoria. 

 The mitochondria are also visible within osteoblasts, osteoclasts, 

 connective-tissue ceils, all epithelial cells, and the sensorial 

 elements. 



919. Mitochondria in odontoblasts and osteoblasts may be 

 demonstrated by fixation in Regaud's fluid followed by staining 

 in iron hasmatoxylin (§ 699), and the Golgi apparatus in these 

 cells is well shown by the employment of Golgi's method, Aoyama's 

 method, or of Da Fano's (§§ 719, 724), though a negative image 

 of this cell-element is clearly shown when the tissues are fixed in 

 Sansom's modification of Carnoy's mixture. 



920. Bone, Decalcified (Flemming, Zeit. wiss. Mik., 1886, 

 p. 47). Sections of decalcified bone are soaked in water, dehy- 

 drated with alcohol under pressure, dried under pressure and 

 mounted in hard balsam melted on the slide. They show the 

 lacunar system injected with air as in non-decalcified sections. 



921. Stains for Cartilage * and Decalcified Bone. See hereon 

 ScHAFFER in Zeit. wiss. Mik., v, 1888, p. 1 ; and Enzyk. mik. 

 Technik., art. " Knochen." 



KoLLiKER {Zeit. wiss. Zool., xliv, 1886, p. 662) treats sections 

 of decalcified bone with concentrated acetic acid until they 

 become transparent, and then puts for one quarter to one minute 

 into a concentrated solution of indigo-carmine, washes and 

 mounts in glycerin or balsam. The fibres of Sharpey appear red, 

 the remaining bone substance blue. 



ScHAFFER {Zeit. wiss. Mik., v, 1888, p. 17) employed at one 



time a safranin method modified from Bouma {Centralh. med. 



Wiss., 1883, p. 866), for which see previous editions. He now 



{Encycl. mik. Tech., 1910, i, p. 762) stains sections for twenty- 



* See under " Embryological Stains," § 811. 



