NERVOUS SYSTEM— GENERAL METHODS 465 



mix thoroughly. Add 5 c.c. of a 2 per cent, solution of chloride 

 of lime and mix again. Add 90 c.c. of a saturated solution of 

 ammonia alum and shake well. Bring the mixture to the boiling 

 point, shaking several times while it is heating ; boil for one 

 minute and filter. After filtering and cooling add 5 c.c. of acetic 

 acid and keep the stain in a well-stoppered bottle. It seems to 

 last indefinitely ; it should be filtered back into the bottle after 

 use. Sections, which were stained and differentiated by the 

 Weigert-Pal method, are, according to Anderson, washed in 

 water and placed in the carmine stain for two to three hours at 

 50° C. They are then washed until the celloidin is a faint pink 

 colour, dehydrated and mounted in the usual way. As the 

 carmine solution acts like a weak differentiator of the htcma- 

 toxylin, it is as well not to carry the decolourisation by Pal's 

 method quite so far as usual. This carmine preparation can be 

 employed with advantage for a variety of purposes. Except in the 

 case of material treated with bichromate, there is no necessity 

 for keeping the sections so long at 50° C. ; warming for thirty 

 minutes at 37° C. is in most cases sufficient. 



For other carmine processes of staining, see Schmaus (Miinch. med. 

 Wochenschr., xxxviii, 1891, p. 147) ; Upson {Neurol. Centralb., vii, 1888, 

 p. 319) ; Freeborn {Journ. Roy. Mic. Soc, 1889, p. 305) ; Kadyi 

 {Neurol. Centralb., xx, 1901, p. 687) ; Chilesotti {Centralb. allg. Pathol., 

 xiii, 1892, p. 193). 



992. Nigrosin and Anilin-blue-black. Nigrosin has given good 

 results in some liands. Anihn-blue-black lias been much recommended 

 by Sankey {Lancet, ii, 1875, p. 82). Lewis {Human Brain, London, 

 1880, p. 125, and Quart. Journ. Micr. Sc., xvi, 1876, pp. 73-75) ; Vejas 

 {Arch. f. Psych., xvi, 1885, p. 200) ; Jelgersma {Ztschr. iviss. Mikr., 

 ill, 1886, p. 39) ; Schmaus {Miinch. med. Wochenschr., xxxviii, 1891, 

 p. 147), and others. And see also previous editions. 



993. Picronigrosin. Martinotti {Ztsch. wiss. Mikr., ii, 1885, p. 

 478) stains for two or three liours or days in a saturated solution of 

 nigrosin in saturated solution of picric acid in alcohol, and waslies 

 out in a mixture of 1 part of formic acid with 2 parts of alcohol. 



994. Kaiser {Ztschr. Tviss. Mikr., vi, 1889, p. 471) stains sections of 

 spinal cord for a few hours in a solution of 1 part of naphthylamin broivn, 

 200 of water, and 100 of alcohol, washes with alcohol, clears with 

 origanum oil and mounts. 



995. Alizarine. Schrotter {Neurol. Centralb., xxi, 1902, p. 338) 

 stains sections for twenty-four hours in a 1 to 2 per cent, solution of 

 sulphalizarinate of soda, differentiates for half to one minute in tap- 

 water, dehydrates, and mounts. This is a general stain, but demon- 

 strates Nissl's bodies and other details. 



996. Mallory's Phosphomolybdic Acid Haematoxylin and Kodis' 

 modification, see § 311. 



997. Haematoxylin and Acid Fuchsin. Finotti {Virchoiv's Arch., 

 cxliii, 1896, p. 167) stains in hsematoxylin, counterstains for three 

 minutes with 0-5 to 1 per cent, solution of acid fuchsin, and differentiates 

 in 75 per cent, alcohol containing a ver^' little caustic potash. 



Van Gibson's haematoxylin and picro-fuchsin (§ 326) gives 

 useful general views of nervous tissue. 



