FOKKNSIC MICROSCOPY 



(4) Continuous, or intermittent, intense 

 ultraviolet irradiation of the nucleus of a 

 living cell with a simultaneously obtained 

 visible light image of the remainder of the 

 cell. 



(5) Conthiuous, or intermittent, intense 

 ultraviolet irradiation of the cytoplasm of a 

 living cell during which time the nucleus of 

 the cell is entirely excluded from ultraviolet 

 irradiation. 



(6) Continuous, intermittent, intense ul- 

 traviolet irradiation of the entire living cell 

 with a simultaneously obtained ultraviolet 

 absorption image or a visible light image of 

 the cell. 



(7) Simultaneous presentation of the 

 same image side-by-side on the same moni- 

 tor, as seen when illuminated by visible 

 light-dark field and ultraviolet dark field. 



(8) Simultaneous side-by-side presenta- 

 tion of the same specimen as seen when il- 



luminated by ultraviolet light and visible 



light. 



REFERENCES 



1. TscHAciiOTiN, S.: "Die Mikroskopische Strah- 



lenstic'hmethode, eine Z elloperationsme- 

 thodo," Biul. Zentralbl. 32, 623-630, (1912). 



2. TscHACifOTiN, S., in "Haiidbuch der biologi- 



scheii Arbeitsmethoden" edited by E. Ab- 

 derhalden, Berlin, Urban & Schwarzenberg, 

 1938, p. 877. 



3. Uretz, R. B., Bloom, W., and Zirkler, R. 



E.: "Irradiation of Parts of Individual Cells. 

 II," Science, 120, 197-199 (1954). 



4. Montgomery, P. O'B., Roberts, F., and 



Bonner, W.: "The Filing Spot Monochro- 

 matic Ultraviolet Television Microscope," 

 Nature, 117, 1172 (1956). 



5. Montgomery, P. O'B. and Bonner, W.: "A 



New Technique for Ultraviolet Microbeam 

 Irradiation of Living Cells," Arch. Path., 66, 

 418-421 (1958). 



P. O'B. Montgomery, Wm. A. Bonner, and 

 L. L. Hundley 



Forensic microscopy 



Forensic microscopy can be defined as the 

 use of microscopic techniques for the examin- 

 ation, study, and evaluation of minute speci- 

 mens or minute structures related in some 

 way to a legal investigation. This legal ap- 

 plication of microscopy is not solely the 

 province of criminal investigations, but may 

 also involve civil litigations. The field of 

 forensic microscopy, as well as the spectrum 

 of specimens examined, is almost too vast to 

 be encompassed by a book, much less by an 

 article. However, with a few exceptions, the 

 methods used by the criminalistician do not 

 differ from standard procedures used by 

 other laboratory investigators. Therefore, as 

 in other areas of microscopy, standard refer- 

 ence works are used as they apply to specific 

 problems. 



An enumeration of some of the micro- 

 scopic techniques used and the specimens 

 examined will give an insight into the prob- 

 lems arising from efforts to solve crimes. 

 Petrographic and crystallographic proce- 

 dures are used in identifying narcotics, 

 pharmaceuticals, and other toxic compounds 

 in connection with illicit drug traffic and 

 poisonings. By determining ph3^sical con- 

 stants with nondestructive microscopic 

 methods, the maximum information can be 

 extracted from small samples, while often 

 preserving them for confirmatory tests and 

 subsequent court presentation. Inorganic 

 compounds and mixtures must also be stud- 

 ied by petrography; these specimens lying 

 chiefly in the fields of building material, 

 paint, safe insulation, and soil. A micro- 



338 



