CONTENTS 



TART I 



IXTROinr rc^RV lUOlAH^V 



CHAPTER PAGE 



1. The Science of Bioiah.v a\o vhk Scumhu-. Mi ruon _____ 17 



\Vl\v Study Biolojiv _______________ 17 



How to Study Bioioi^A ______________ 19 



riic ScitMititic Motliod _______________ 20 



The Clonr Rcooj^nition and Accurate Statcmrtit of the rrobleni to 



Bo Solved ______________ :\ 



rUe Fonuulntiou ot Working llvpotheses >Vhieh Appear to Explain 



the Problem and the Suiigestion ot Methods ot" Investigation _ 22 



The Accurate C\^llection and Recording ot" Tertinent Data _ _ _ 2;^ 

 riic Formulation ot" Loj^ical Conclusiotis by the Scientitic Analysis 



and Connect Interpretation of the Data and Facts _ _ _ _ 23 



The Science of Biology and Its Subdivisions ________ '24 



2. Microscopes— Early ano Pkksi nt Day _________ 27 



:v Cells and the Cell Principle ___________ 37 



rhe Cell Principle and Its Importance _________ 37 



Detailed Structure and Fvmctions of Cells _________ 39 



I Celluiar C'Jrcamzatiox of Plants ano Animals— Ammai ano 



Plant Tissues ________________ Ih 



Animal Tissues ________________ 4t) 



Kinds of Animal Tissues _____________ 46 



Epithelial Tissues _______________ 47 



Connective (, Supportive"* Tissues __________ 49 



Muscular ;.Coi\tractile) Tissues __________ 53 



Nervous Tissues ______________ 54 



Parts of the Nervous System ____________ 54 



Plant Tissues _________________ 55 



Kinds of Plant Tissues _____________ 56 



Mcristematic _______________ 56 



Epidermal ________________ 56 



Parenchyma _______________ 56 



CoUenchvma _______________ 56 



Schlerenchvma _______________ 59 



Cork _'________________ 59 



Xvlem _________________ 59 



Phloem _________________ 60 



Organs __________________ 60 



S\-stems __________________ 60 



5. How Cells Divide — Indirect Cell Division or Mitosis (Animal 



AND Plant) _________________ 62 



Mitosis in Animal Cells ______________ 62 



Mitosis in the Cells of FTowerinc: Plants _________ 66 



Important Facts Regarding Mitosis'- __________ 70 



8 



