10 Contents 



CHAPTER PAGE 



Green Algae (Phylum Chlorophyta) __________155 



Chlamydomonas _______________ 156 



Protococcus ________________ 157 



Spirogyra _________________ 157 



Ulothrix _________________ 157 



Desmids _________________ 159 



Yellow-Green Algae, Golden-Brown Algae, and Diatoms (Phylum Chrys- 



ophyta) _______________ 159 



Diatoms _________________ 159 



Brown Algae (Phylum Phaeophyta) __________ 160 



Laminaria _________________ 161 



Fucus __________________ 161 



Red Algae (Phylum Rhodophyta) ___________ 162 



Nemalion _________________ 164 



Polysiphonia _____________'___ 164 



10. Simple Plants Without Chlorophyll — Fungi ______ 167 



General Characteristics of Fungi ___________ 167 



Bacteria (Phylum Schizomycophyta) __________ 168 



Slime Molds (Phylum Myxomycophyta) _________ 172 



True (Higher) Fungi (Phylum Eumycophyta) _______ 173 



Class Phycomycetes ______________ 173 



Black Bread Mold ______________ 173 



Water Mold _______________ 173 



Class Ascomycetes ______________ 175 



Penicillium ________________ 175 



Aspergillus ________________ 175 



Cup Fungus _______________ 176 



Yeasts _________________ 176 



Mildews _________________ 177 



Blights _________________ 177 



Class Basidiomycetes ______________ 177 



Mushrooms ________________ 177 



Bracket Fungi (Pore Fungi) ___________ 179 



Smuts _________________ 179 



Rusts _________________ 181 



11. Mosses and Their Allies — Bryophytes (Phylum Bryophyta) _ 185 



General Characteristics of Bryophytes _________ 185 



True Mosses _________________ 186 



Polytrichum ________________ 186 



Sphagnum _________________ 187 



Liverworts _________________ 188 



Marchantia ________________ 188 



Porella __________________ 189 



12. Ferns and Their Allies _____________ 191 



General Characteristics of Ferns and Their Allies (Club "Mosses" and 



Horsetails) ______________ 191 



Club "Mosses" ________________ 192 



Lycopodium ________________ 192 



Selaginella _______ _________ 193 



Horsetails (Scouring Rushes) ____________ 194 



Equisetum _________________ 194 



Ferns ___________________ 195 



Pteridium _________________ 195 



Polypodium ________________ 198 



