Cells and Cell Principle 45 

 QUESTIONS AND TOPICS 



1. Why are there various theories regarding the physical structure of protoplasm? 

 In what ways are they similar? Which theory do you prefer? Why? 



2. List all the parts of the nucleus and of the cytosome (cell body) with the 

 functions of each. 



3. In what general ways do cells of animals and plants differ? 



4. Is a certain cell of a living organism always the same chemically, structurally, 

 and functionally? Give proofs for your answer. 



5. List all the important results of the formulation of the cell principle. 



6. Discuss each of the ways in which the cell is considered a unit. 



7. In what ways might a better understanding of cells aid in the prevention 

 and cure of such diseases as tumors and cancers? 



8. Explain how the functions of cells are influenced by their structure. Explain 

 how the structure of cells may be modified by the functions which they per- 

 form. Give examples. 



9. What role does heredity play in determining the size, shape, and functions 

 of the various cells and tissues in a living organism? Do living organisms 

 inherit cells from which such structures as digestive apparatus or excretory 

 systems are developed? 



10. List several environmental factors telling how each may influence cells in 

 one way or another. 



11. List the names of the men who have made the greatest contributions to the 

 study of cells, including the thing for which each is noted. 



12. Define a cell (in your own words if possible). How was a cell originally 

 defined? 



13. Why are cells usually cut into thin sections and stained before they are stud- 

 ied? Does a study of such a section reveal the structure of an entire cell? 

 Might certain structures of an entire cell be absent from certain sections? 

 Explain the importance of the latter fact. 



14. Are all the structures usually found in diagrams of cells in textbooks to be 

 found in each cell studied on a slide ? Explain. 



SELECTED REFERENCES 



Amberron and Smith : Outline of Physiology, F. S. Crofts & Co. 



Baker: Cytological Technique, John Wiley "& Sons, Inc. 



Caspersson: Cell Growth and Cell Function, W. W. Norton & Co., Inc. 



De Robertis, Nowinski, and Saez: General Cytology, W. B. Saunders Co. 



Gerard: Unresting Cells, Harper & Brothers. 



Guillermond: Cytoplasm of the Plant Cell, Chronica Botanica. 



Heilbrunn: An Outline of General Physiology, W. B. Saunders Co. 



Hober: Physical Chemistry of Cells and Tissues, The Blakiston Co. 



Sharp: An Introduction to Cytology, McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc. 



Sharp: Fundamentals of Cytology, McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc. 



Wilson: The Cell in Development and Inheritance, The Macmillan Co. 



