Survey of Plant Kingdom 121 



and true fungi, (2) because their cell walls often contain cellulose, a sub- 

 stance which is quite common in higher plants, (3) because they syn- 

 thesize vitamins like those of certain plants, (4) because some species are 

 able to utilize simple, inorganic materials from which more complex 

 organic compounds may be synthesized. 



The forms which bacterial cells may assume include (1) the coccus 

 (spherical), (2) rod shaped (cylindrical), (3) spiral shaped, (4) fila- 

 mentous (which may be branched) (Fig. 34). A bacterial cell has a 

 cell wall which in some species contains cellulose. The protoplasm of 

 the cell is somewhat homogeneous, contains vacuoles and granules, in- 

 cluding chromatin. No organized nucleus and no plastids are present. 



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Fig. 34. — Various types of bacteria (coccus or spherical, rod-shaped, spirals) 

 of the phylum Schizomycophyta. A, Staphylococcus aureus (0.8-1.0/^), boils, ab- 

 scesses, pus, etc.; B, Streptococcus pyogenes (0.6- 1.0m), infections, etc.; C, Strepto- 

 coccus erysipelatis (0.6-0.8/"), erysipelas; D, Streptococcus scarlatinae (0.6-1.0/i), 

 scarlet fever; E, Diplococcus pneumoniae (0.5-1.0/i), pneumonia; F, Neisseria 

 gonorrheae (gonococcus) (0.6-I.Om), gonorrhea; G, Neisseria intracellularis 

 (meningococcus) (0.6-0.9/i), meningitis; H, Escherichia coli (colon organism) 

 (0.5 X 1.0/i), intestinal organisms; I, Eberthella typhosa (0.6 x 2.5/x), typhoid 

 fever; /, Corynebacterium diphtheriae (0.3-0.8 x 1.0-6.0/i), diphtheria; K, hemo- 

 philus influenzae (0.2 x 0.7 fi), influenza (?); L, Hemophilus pertussis (0.3 x 

 0.7m), whooping cough; M, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (0.15-0.35 x 0.5-5. 0/i), 

 tuberculosis; A''^ Clostridium tetani (0.4-0.6 x 2.0-4.0/i), tetanus or lockjaw; O, 

 Vibrio comma (0.4-0.6 x 1.0-3.0m), Asiatic cholera. Organisms drawn somewhat 

 on proportionate scale. Actual dimensions are given in microns (/i), which are 

 each equal to 1/25,000 inch. 



