466 Animal Biology 



Human Skeleton (see Fig. 229) 



Axial (80) 



Skull 



Cranium ( 8 ) 



(Brain Case) 



Face (14) 



Ear bones (6) 



Vertebral column (26) 



'Occipital (base of skull) 



Parietal (top of head) 



Frontal (forehead) 



Temporal (above ears) 



i Ethmoid (back of nose) 



[Sphenoid (back of eye) 



Mandible (lower jaw) 

 Maxilla (upper jaw) 

 Palate 



Malar or zygomatic (cheek) 

 Lacrimal (inner orbit) 

 Inferior turbinated (nose) 

 Vomer (nasal septum) 

 , Nasal (bridge of nose) 



rMalleus (hammer) (2) 

 <. Incus (anvil) (2) 

 I Stapes (stirrup) (2) 



Cervical (neck) (7) 

 Thoracic (chest) (12) with ribs 

 •{ Lumbar (lower trunk) (5) 

 Sacral (sacrum) (1)* 

 Coccygeal (caudal or tail) (l)t 



Hyoid (base of tongue) (1) 

 Sternum (breastbone) (1) 



Ribs (24) 



Pectoral (shoulder) girdle j ^^^p„'/^' ("houlde^r'^blidi 



(1) 

 (2) 



(1) 

 (2) 



(1) 

 (1) 



(1) 



(2) 

 (2) 

 (2) 

 (2) 

 (2) 



(1) 

 (2) 



Appendicular (126) 



2) 

 ) (2) 



Arms 



Humerus (2) 



Radius (2) 



Ulna (2) 



Carpals (wrist) (16) 



Metacarpals (hand) (10) 



Phalanges (fingers) (28) 



Pelvic (hip) girdle (2)| 



fFemur (thigh) (2) 

 Tibia (shin) (2) 

 Fibula (2) 



Tarsals (ankle and heel) (14) 

 Metatarsals (foot) (10) 

 Phalanges (toes) (28) 



Knee cap (patella) (2) 



Legs 



This does not include the variable number of sesamoid hones (ses' a moid) (L. sesamnn, ses- 

 ame seed; eidos, like) embedded in the tendons of tiie hand, knees, and foot, or the wormion 

 bones (wur' mi an) (after Worm, a Danish anatomist) which are isolated bones in the sutures or 

 joints, especially of the skull. 



The figures in parentheses give the number of bones of each type. 



*Five bones fused. 



fFour bones fused. 



JThree bones (ilium, ischium, pubis) fused. 



