510 Animal Biology 



Summary of Endocrine (Ductless) Glands 



ENDOCRINE 

 GLAND 



HORMONES AND FUNCTIONS 



PITUITARY 



(pi -tu' i ta ry) 

 (L. pituita, 

 phlegm) ("mas- 

 ter gland" or 

 "director gland") 



ANTERIOR LOBE 



1. Growth-promoting (somatotropic, phyrone). — Regu- 

 lates growth; deficiency in children results in dwarfs or 

 midgets (usually well developed physically and men- 

 tally) ; excess secretion results in giants; oversecretion 

 in adults results in acromegaly (enlarged facial fea- 

 tures with long, broad jaws, and enlarged cheek bones, 

 large barrel chest, enlarged joints of feet and hands) 



2. Diabetogenic (anti-insulin hormone) — Increases blood 

 sugar (effects opposite to those of insulin) 



3. Ketogenic (fat metabolism hormone) — Controls fat 

 metabolism and increases fat in liver 



4. Thyrotropic — Stimulates thyroid gland 



5. Adrenotropic (adrenocorticotropic or ACTH) — Stim- 

 ulates cortex of adrenals to function normally 



6. Pancreotropic — Stimulates pancreas 



7. Parathyrotropic — Stimulates parathyroids 



8. Prolactin (lactogenic) — Necessary for lactation (milk 

 production) by mammary glands 



9. Follicle-stimulating (F. S. H., Gonadotropic) — Con- 

 trols growth of egg-bearing follicle in the female 

 ovary; formation of sperm in seminiferous tubules of 

 male testes 



10. Luteinizing (L. H.) — Necessary for forming corpus 

 luteum by ruptering follicle and liberating the egg and 

 for forming male sex hormone by interstitial cells of 

 testes 



POSTERIOR LOBE 



Pituitrin which probably contains the following hormones: 



1. Pitressin (pressor hortnone) — Increases blood pressure 

 by contracting muscles of smaller arteries 



2. Pitocin (Oxytocic) — Influences contraction of smooth 

 muscles of uterus, particularly during childbirth 



3. Gastrotropic — Controls secretions of stoinach possibly 

 by altering blood supply 



4. Galactogenic — Increase milk flow possibly by acting on 

 smooth muscles of mammary glands 



5. Antidiuretic — Diminishes quantity of urine possibly by 

 increased reabsorption of water from kidney tubules 



INTERMEDIATE LOBE 

 1. Intermedin — May affect metabolism in man; intensifies 

 skin color of lower vertebrates by affecting color-bearing 

 chromatophores 



