IV. DISEASES CAUSED OR TRANSMITTED BY ANIMALS* 



A. Human Diseases 



1. Protozoan Diseases 



(a) Class Sarcodina 



( 1 ) Amoebic dysen- 

 tery {Endamoe- 

 ba histolytica) 

 (Fig. 264) 



(b) Class Mastigophora 

 [Flagellates) 



(2) African sleeping 

 sickness (Gam- 

 bian) {Trypan- 

 osoma gam- 

 hiense) (Fig. 

 263) 



(3) African sleeping 

 sickness (Rho- 

 desian) {T. 

 rhodesiense) 



(4) Chaga's Disease 

 (7\ cruzi) 



(5 



(6 



Kala-azar 

 {Leishmania 

 donovani) 

 Oriental sore 

 (L. tropica) 



(7) Cutaneous 

 leishmaniasis 

 (L. hraziliensis) 



(8) Flagellate diar- 

 rhea {Giardia 

 lamblia) 



(c) Class Sporozoa 



(9) Tertian malaria 

 {Plasmodium 

 vivax) (Fig. 

 176) 



(10) Quartan malaria 

 {P. malariae) 

 (Fig. 176) 



(11) Estiv'oautumnal 

 or subtertian 

 malaria {P. 

 falciparum) 



(12) Diarrhea 

 {Isospora 

 hominis) 



(d) Class Infusoria 

 [Ciliates) 



(13) Diarrhea and 

 ulcers {Balan- 

 tidium coli) 

 (Fig. 262) 



Transmitted by contaminated foods, water, flies; 

 may cause ulcerations of the intestine, abscesses 

 of liver, lungs, and brain; 10 per cent of world 

 population infected, many being carriers. 



Transmitted by tsetse fly {Glossina) ; causes en- 

 larged glands, emaciation, weakened limbs, 

 coma, and eventually death ; present in Africa, 

 Europe, and tropics; from 1896-1906 over 500,- 

 000 died in Congo region 



Similar to above ; common in Africa 



Common in South and Central America; carriers 

 may be present in Southwestern United States; 

 causes dangerous swellings in muscles, heart, and 

 nervous system 



Widely distributed in Asia; blood-inhabiting; at- 

 tacks lining of blood vessels and certain white 

 blood cells 



Present in Near and Far East; one attack of this 

 cutaneous leishmaniasis immunizes against fur- 

 ther attacks 



Occurs in South and Central America; parasite 

 resembles L. tropica morphologically. 



May be the cause of a type of human diarrhea; 

 present in 10 per cent of population 



Transmitted by female Anopheles mosquito (Fig. 

 303); parasites attack blood corpuscles; alter- 

 nate periods of fevers and chills every 48 hours; 

 more common type in temperate zone; less 

 serious 



As above except that attacks occur every 72 hours; 

 not as common as other types 



As above except for daily attacks, with more or 

 less constant fever; more common in tropics; 

 more serious type 



Burrows in the intestinal wall causing diarrhea; 

 common in various regions of the Pacific in 

 World War II 



Human beings may become infected by swallow- 

 ing resistant cysts (from pig feces) which con- 

 taminate drinks and foods; in some persons the 

 intestinal wall is ulcerated, producing diarrhea 

 and often killing the host 



*Other diseases are considered elsewhere in other chapters; tlie list given here is incomplete 

 and descriptions are brief — merely to serve as a guide. 



