832 Appendix 



Fission (fish'un) (L. fissus, cleave), asexual division into two or more parts. 



Flagellum (plural, flagella) (fla -jel' um) (L. fiagellum, whip), whiplike process 

 for locomotion. 



Flame cell, an excretory cell with a bunch of cilia by means of which wastes are 

 expelled to the outside; the action of the cilia somewhat resembles a flick- 

 ering flame. 



Flatworni, a member of the phylum Platyhelminthes. 



Flavone (flavonol) (fla' von) (L. flavus, yellow), yellow pigment of certain 

 higher plants. 



Flexor (flek' ser) (L. flexus, bend), rtiuscle to bend a joint. 



Flora (flo' ra) (L. flos, flower), plants characteristic of a region or period (con- 

 trast with Fauna) . 



Fluctuations, somatic variations which result from differences in environment or 

 functions and which are not inherited. 



Fluke, a parasitic flatworm (phylum Platyhelminthes). 



Fontanelle (fonta-nel') (Fr. fontanelle, little fountain), space between bones of 

 the cranium, covered with a membrane, through which blood flow pulsa- 

 tions show. 



Foramen (fo-ra'men) (L. foramen, opening), an opening in a structure. 



Foreign protein, one not common to an organism. 



Fossil (fos'il) (L. fossilis, dug up), preserved record of ancient organism. 



Fossilization, formation of records of ancient organism. ■' 



Fragmentation, reproduction by isolating a part of an organism to form a new 

 individual. 



Fraternal twins, those produced by fertilization of two different eggs which usu- 

 ally have different hereditary traits. Sometimes called nonidentical or 

 dizygotic twins. 



Frond (frond) (L. frond, leafy branch), fern leaf. 



Fructose (fruk' toz) (L. fructus, fruit), fruit sugar. 



Fucoxanthin (fuk o -zan' thin) (L. fucus, seaweed; xanthos, yellow), yellowish- 

 brown pigment of brown algae. 



Fundus (fun' dus) (L. fundus, base), base of an organ. 



Fungus (fun' gus) (L. fungus, mushroom), lower chlorophyll-less plants. 



Gall bladder, sac near the liver in which bile is stored. 



Galvanotropism (gal va -not' ro prizm) (after the Italian, Galvani), response of 

 living organisms to electric currents. 



Gametangium (ga me -tan' ji um) (Gr. gamos, gametes; angios, vessel), a gamete- 

 producing structure. 



Gamete (gam' et) (Gr. gamos, marriage), mature male or female sex cell; 



Gametogenesis (gam e to -jen' e sis) (gamete; genesis, origin) production and 

 maturation of gametes (sex cells). 



Gametophyte ( ga -me' to fit ) {gamos, marriage; phyton, plant), plant producing 

 gametes (sex cells). 



Ganglion (plural, Ganglia) (gang' lion) (Gr. ganglion, enlargement), an enlarge- 

 ment of a nerve which contains nerve cells and acts as a center of influ- 

 ence. 



