86 Biological Scction, American Chemical Society [Oct. 



COoH CO2H CO,H CO2H 



HCOH HOCH HCOH HOCH 



HOCH 



HOCH 



HCOH 



HCOH 



CH.OH 



HOCH 



HOCH 

 HCOH 



HCOH 



CH.OH 



HCOH 



HOCH 



HOCH 

 HCOH 



CO2H 



HCOH 

 HOCH 



HOCH 



HCOH 



COoH 



I n 



From d-Mannose 



in IV 



From d-Galactose 



Vanillin in wheat and its relation to soil. M. X. Sullivan. 

 {Bureau of Solls, U. S. Dep't of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.) 

 By means of the sodium bisulphite aldehyde method, an aldehyde 

 that smelled like vanillin, and gave vanillin color reactions, was 

 f ound in the alcohol and ether extracts of ungerminated wheat seeds ; 

 in the roots, seeds, and tops of young wheat seedlings; in rotten 

 wood ; and in the water in which wheat had germinated and grown. 

 Estimated quantitatively by Polin and Denis' colorimetric method, 

 the amount in the ungerminated seed is small (several parts per 

 million) but is considerably increased during germination and the 

 early stages of growth. Treating the seed with 5 percent sulfuric 

 acid Solution also increased the amount of vanillin that could be 

 extracted. The presence of vanillin in other plants was indicated. 

 The vanillin of soil undoubtedly has its origin in part in vegetable 

 debris and the growing plant. 



Some organic constituents of the culture Solution and the 

 mycelium of molds from soil. M. X. Sullivan. {Bureau of 

 Soils, U. S. Dep't of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.) Examination 

 was made for the organic constituents of the dried mycelium of 

 mixed mold cultures from soil and of Penicillium glaucum grown on 

 Raulin's Solution, and of the filtered Solution after mold growth. 

 In the mixed molds was found a large number of organic substances, 

 many of which were subsequently detected in P. glaucum. In the 



