34^ Professor Hugo Kronecker [April-July. 



well-known induction coil, divided into units; the "perfusion 

 canula" ; and the frog-heart manometer, The perfusion canula (or 

 its modification) has been and still is extensively used in pharma- 

 cological studies upon the frog heart. 



In the seventies, during Kronecker's stay at Leipzig, Ludwig's 

 physiological Institute was an international center f or physiology and 

 physiologists. Many English, Italian, American, Russian, Belgian, 

 Scandinavian and French physiologists received there their training 

 in physiology. Kronecker, who spoke many languages fluently, was 

 of great assistance to them. With his very kind, unselfish natura 

 he was always ready to help them with his rare experimental skill 

 and in every other direction. Many who worked there during that 

 period bear witness that Kronecker was the "soul" of the labora- 

 tory. Here he formed strong bonds of life long friendships with 

 men who became, later, international leaders in science. I need 

 only mention here Bowditch and Minot of the United States; Lauder 

 Brunton, Gaskell and Schäfer of England; Alberto Mosso and Lu- 

 ciani of Italy; Paul Heger of Belgium and Holmgren of Sweden. 

 Very few men had the happiness of having so many true friends as 

 Kronecker, and few could be a truer friend than he. He had the 

 esteem and afTection of all who had the good fortune to know him 

 well. 



His international, cordial relations to so many physiologists of 

 so many countries was not a small factor in the success of the Inter- 

 national Congress of Physiologists, which was founded by Michael 

 Foster and Kronecker. In his obituary of Sir Michael Foster, 

 Gaskell states that "when the International Medical Congress met 

 in London in 1881 he (Foster) and Kronecker together drew up a 

 scheme for a separate International Congress of Physiology to meet 

 every three years and a committee was formed." According to 

 Heger the final decision, to call that Congress into being, was made 

 by a group of physiologists who met, September 1888, in Kron- 

 ecker's house in Berne. The third International Congress met in 

 Berne under Kronecker's presidency. 



Kronecker was also the chief founder, and for some time the 

 President, of the Institut Marey in Paris, an international Institu- 

 tion for the study of physiology by the newest and most approved 

 methods. 



