1 54 Dalton Professorship of Physiology [Sept. 



physiological teaching and research were to proceed. It is upon 

 the basis of bis pioneer work that the present laboratory instruction 

 of all students of physiology has been developed at Columbia. He 

 suggested the creation of the Swift fund for supplying the depart- 

 ment of physiology with apparatus. For five years he was president 

 of the College of Physicians and Surgeons. During this period 

 momentous changes occurred in the College. These included its 

 establishment at its present site and a great extension of its work in 

 all directions, especially along the lines of the clinic and the labora- 

 tory. It is eminently fitting that the name of Dalton should be 

 preserved in the title of the chair to which he gave distingiiished 

 Service, and in the school in the development of which for thirty- 

 five years he was a potent influence. (Columbia University Quar- 

 terly, 191 1, xiii, p. 319.) Dr. Frederic S. Lee is the first Dalton 

 Professor of Physiology. 



Under a perversion of the intent of the patent and trade-mark 

 laws of the United States a System of perpetual patent has grown 

 up which is known as the " proprietary medicine System." 

 Scientific names ^^^ United States laws permit the protection 



vs. of medicines either by patent or by trade-mark 



Trade designations jj-^ ^-j^g same way that other commodities are pro- 

 tected. Some countries grant patents on the process only — that is, 

 on the method by which a new medicinal substance is made — but 

 do not grant patents on the substance itself. The United States, 

 however, grants " product " as well as " process " patents. In addi- 

 tion to the product or process patent, the manufacturer can also 

 register a coined name as a trade-mark, which is primarily intended 

 to identify his brand of a substance in the trade. The patent is 

 granted for a period of seventeen years. A trade-mark is practic- 

 ally perpetual. Medicine promoters subverting the original intent 

 of the trade-mark, have used and advertised the trade-marked name 

 as the only name for their particular product. The trade-marked 

 names "chloretone" (chlorbutanol) and "urotropine" (hexa- 

 methylenamin) and those applied to the numerous mixtures con- 

 taining phenolthalein are good illustrations. The scientific name 

 is used in patenting the medicinal substance, but it is usually sold 



