82 



Coopenitice l iirestüjations on Plauts 



These results are high, approachiiig iiioro ncarly thu result of the Kidder- 

 niiustcr crop. But plant lieight is a character peculiarly influeuced b}" diffcivulial 

 euvirouinent, and in some fraternities the proportion of secondary poppies in the 

 pots was far greater than in others. Hence we can hardly lay much stress on 

 these results, which may be largely emphasised by the overcrowding of some of 

 the fraternities as compared with others. 



Capsule Fraternities, or Co-ovarial Brotherhood. 



W. R. Macdonell's observations in the second Enfiold crop, in which seed 

 froni the same capsule only was used for fraternal arrays, enable us also to form 

 anothcr fraternal correlation based not on common plant, but on common capsule 

 parentage. The mean of ihr capsidcs was 12':U) and their s. D. 1-782, and we have 

 the following results. 



TABLE XITI. 



Brothers from same Capsule and from same Plant. 



We thus reach the conclusion that plants from seed of the same ca))sule will 

 be nearly twice as closely related to each other as plants from seed of all capsules 

 on the same plant. But on the other band plants from the same capsule will be 

 less like the parent plant, than plants from all capsules of the parent plant. The 

 explanation of this apparent paradox (in the case of cross-fertilisation) is quite 

 easy. A single capsule does not represent by its Stigmata the individuality of 

 the plant, i.e. its mean number of Stigmata; on the other band in seed from the 

 same capsule fewcr pollen-parents are repro.sented than in the seed fnmi all 

 capsules of the plant. 



(12) Ccmclusions. 



(i) The character, stigmatic band number, was selected because it allowed of 

 the crops being left pretty much to themselves, and the record of the character 

 being forraed after the crop had been harvested as a whole. Charactere on the in- 

 dividual flower can only be observed when it is possible to isolate the individual 

 during growth, and examine it continuously. The success of this latter method at 

 Oxford fully justifies the time and energy given to it, hut under the conditions of 

 most of the crops here reconied füll data for individual plants in the great 

 numbers required coulil not be expected of those who kindly provided ground and 

 superintended the liarvesling. Further experiments are in progress which will 

 deal more fully with other, especially colour, characters. 



