Craniologital Notes 347 



Mr ^fyers ask.s in tlie fac'O of tlieso odils, tlie iiiiinensity of wliicli is lioj-ond iiiy ]>()\vers of 

 realisation, " Are wo not justified in considering the Naqada skulls and IIjc (jthers (jf Professor 

 Pearson's series as if thoy had siiriing from a mixturc of raccs ? " 



Tliere is only ono roply to Mr Myers — theso or any other seriös may origin.illy luuo Sprung 

 from a mixture of racos, biit tlicy possoss somotUing wliicli difforontiatos tliom toUilly frora 

 bis mixture of Australians, Ouanclics, Eskimos, and Chinese, somotliing whicli thc trainod 

 biomotrician, wlio rcalises «hat is rehitivoly "hirge" and what is relatively "small," can almoat 

 See on inspection. Jfi- llyers lias boon, I undcrstand, locturing on tho "now anthropomotry." 

 It seoms vcry like tho old, and about it wo can oidy cito Mr Myors' own words : " Ncver again, 

 it is to be hopcd, will tho old [? ncw] school be toloratod whicli collects a fow measuronionts, 

 dissects thcni, and publishes ill-foundcd conclusions." 



As to thc gcnci'.il principles to be dcduced from tho abovo figures 1 think tliey aro tliese. 

 Tho hoterogenoitj' of any series tho variability of wliich for skull longth exceeds fi'ö, or for skull 

 breadth exceeds about the same quantity, should bo suspectcd and tho series subjected to close 

 examination. If the variability of the skull leugth be less than 5 -5, or of the skull breadth less 

 than S'IJ, then we must suspect that the series is a rathor stringently solected samide. This ruie 

 will generally enable us to distinguish between hetorogeneity due to a mixture of crania from 

 diverse races, and the homogeneity of a single race, which may indcetl be the pn^duct of a 

 number of generations of cross-breeding such as we may assert of modern English, Freuch 

 or Oermans, but hardly with the samo certainty of Ainns nr üengal castes. 



III. Preliminarij Note on Interracial ClMracters and their Correlation in Man. 

 By S. Jacob, A. Lee, D.Sc, and Karl Pearson, F.R.S. 



(1) A distinction has beon drawn in this Journal* between inlraracial and mteri-acial 

 correlation, and the present preliminary note is intended to emphasise the importance of this 

 distinction. If we take a race of which we have sufficient data and determine its type t by 

 a nvimlier of characteristics, either by forming the means or the modes for the frequency- 

 distributions of theso characteristics in the race, we shall find that within the race an individual 

 who diverges from the type of the race for one character will probably do so for a second, 

 and that there is for the total of individuaks within the race an interrelationship between these 

 divergences — expressible by their coefficient of correlation. This correlation within the race is 

 an intraracial coefficient, it predicts only the probable within the race itself, and must be very 

 cautiously extended from one race to a second without (( jurtorj justification. The coefficient of 

 correlation thus determined varies as a rule from race to race. Because tho correlation T>etween 

 length and height of head of Aino (J s is 'S, it does not follow that this Aino characteristic may 

 be applied to prehistoric Egyptians or modern Germans. In fact, whereas within these races a 

 long-headed Egyptian or Aino was probably a high-headed individual also, a long-headed German 

 tends to be low-headed. It is accordingly very misleading to prediot from observations within 

 one race what are the jirolialile relationships between characters in a second ; still less legitimate 

 is it to predict from the coefficient of ctirrelation in one race what would be the probable value of 

 a defective measuremont in an individual of a second racej. Our knowledge at present tends to 



* Vol. I. pp. 460 and 4(il. 



t ' Type ' is here detined as what distinguishes one popuIation from a second, aud uot any member 

 of the first from any member of the second. 



X Au Illustration of this may be given from a reeent jiaper bj' Professor A. v. Törük aiul 

 G. V. Laszlö (Zeitschrift für Morphologie und Authrojmloyif, Bd. iv. pp. 500— 588). The authors had 



44—2 



