Craniological Noten 351 



the liviiig liciid results to cranial inoasureiiuMits. Is tlii.s .smiinthiiif; pecMiliai' tn tho Nafjada race 

 or to cranial as distinot frorn living head measurcments ? To tcst tliis resiilt the cranial 

 constants wore workcd out for tho casos of tho Eiiglish (Whitechapol) skulLs* and for the 

 Thebau mummlest. 



Englhh Crania. 

 J/,.= 140-70, J/f =98-01, J/^ = 130-05, 

 a-c = 5-2781, o-f = 4-0577, <t^ = 5-4651, 

 )•„= -6238, ?-2,.= -4768, r„= •4075. 



Theban Muinmies. 

 J/,.= 13()-7G, J/^ = 'J3-82, i/z= 128-32, 

 o-c = 4-45, o-f = 4-31, 0-2 = 5-22, 

 ,;,= -342, r,c= -250, r,,= -298. 



Thus wo see that while the English crania have high correlations between the breadths, 

 of the same general order as those determined for the living head, yet the Theban mummies 

 give much lower results approaching far nearer to the Naqada low correlations. The fact 

 that the Theban mummies still differ considerably from the closely allied Naqada race is 

 cousonant with, indeed conlirmatory of, the view expressed by Fawcett and Lee J that in 

 the 4000 years -which intervened between tho two gi-oups, the diflerentiation that had guue 

 on was especially in the cranial breadths. 



In all the intrai-acial results whether for skull or living head the correlation between zygomatic 

 and cephalic breadths is less than that between zygomatic and frontal breadths — a result sensibly 

 difl'erent from that obtained from the interracial Bengal data, where the correlation between 

 zygomatic and cephalic breadths is very sensibly the largest. For the English crania we have 

 the reconstruction formulae : 



p^ = 47-71 + -84016F, 

 pc = 88-75 + -53006 F. 

 For the Theban crania : 



jU2= 89-46 + -41410/', 



^V= 107-90 + -30768/". 



Clearly the regression formulae difter immensely as we pass from Xaqada to Theban and 

 Theban to English series. Hence also the predictions will vary, and conclusions drawn from 

 one race canuot be extended to a second. 



Again it is quite true that we must expect a diftercnce between constants obtained on the 

 living head aud on the skull, but we know by experionce that certain variations and correlations 

 can be fairly close in the two cases for the same or closely allied races. AVe see in this case 

 indeed that the correlations and regression coefficients for bizygomatic on minimum frontal 

 breadth aro not very widely divergent for Oraon and Naqada, but the correlations between 

 maximum cephalic breadth and the maximum bizygomatic or tho minimum frontal breadth are 

 of a totally dißcrcnt order as wc pass from the Indian to the Egyptian race. To emphasise 

 this let US take tive individual Oraous and five Naqadas§ and predict from their frontal breadths 



* The füll mcasurement.s on tliese skuUs have now been comploted by Dr W. K. Macdonell, and we 

 hope they will shortly be published. 



t Data given in the Antlirojxilnr/ischc' Sinnmhiiigen Deiitfchlniids, E. Schmidt, " Leipziger Privat- 

 sammlung." The constants for these skulls are given provisiuually as they have not beeu revised. 



J BlomHrika, Vol. i. pp. 432— .3. 



§ They were taken absolutely at raudom, i.e. the lOth, 'iOtb, 30th individuals on the list. 



