Craniological Notes 355 



Tlio paucity of i'uc.us tle.ilt witli, :lih1 the lioterogcnoity of measufcrs auJ of series used, uiake 

 theso results of very small valuc, and thny arc only given hero tentatively, while larger sories of 

 luoro numcrous raccs aro beiiig reducod. P.ut evoii tliu.s some proliaKlü conclusioiiH can be 

 inore or Icss detinitoly stated, i.e. 



((f) The gencral stateiiiciit tliat platyiTliiiio races are dolichoceplialic is coiiliruicd liy 

 cranial ineasui'oincnts. 



Consideriug the probable error of the correlatimi of the cranial cephalic aiul n.isal iuilices, 

 that correlation docs not differ very widely froui that on the living head obtained froni JJcniiiker's 

 data. What do difier widely are the uiean and c.yvrudh/ flu- variahility of the nasal iiidiccs for 

 races when measured on the living head and on the skull. It inay well be questioned how 

 far this variability is not peculiar to the prrsonal i'ipiation of the obsci'ver and is therefore not 

 a true anthrupologio.-d oharactcr. 



(6) Thcre i.s quite a .sensible eorrelation bctween nrbital aiid cephalic indiccs, and it i.s 

 positive. Or : the brachycephalic races tend to roiuid orl)it.s, and the dolichoce[>halic race.s 

 to elongated orbits. This as far as the Naqada crania are cuncerned has been shown to be 

 an intraracial as well as an interracial association. 



(o) Thcre is sorue evidence to show that platyrrhine races have elongated orbits. 



The correlation between orbital index and nasal inde.x is negative, bnt it is not definitely 

 sensible compared with its probable error in the snia.ll series at present available. This agrees 

 with the intraracial conclusion drawn froni the Naqada crania. 



(.')) [Iliisti-dtioa / r. On the Interracial Relationship between the Length and Breadth 

 of the Living Head. 



Hitherto although interracial corrchitions have been shown to difl'er from intraracial vahies, 

 \ve have only dealt with cases in which thesc correlations were of the .same sign, and the reader 

 niight be induced to draw the temptingly fascinating conclusion that interracial and intraracial 

 correlations are always qnalitatively alike. In order to convince the reader that uo conclusion 

 of this kind is allowalile we propose to deal in this last ilbistration with the length and breadth 

 correlations. 



Taking our fifty cases from Ri.sley's ßeni/al Tn'bes we tind for maximuni length and breadth 

 of living head the interracial results : 



J/j. = 184-64, J/b= 140-00, , 



o-,. =2-2368, o-„ =4-6005, 

 /-,„=- -2917. 



Thus we See that a " principle of compeu.sation " api)lies. A long-headed race is likely to be 

 a naiTow-he;ided race, and a broad-headed race a short-headed race. This conclusion is essentially 

 interracial, and not intraracial. Intraracially we find that the con-elation of length and breadth 

 of living head or of .skull while varying remarkably is positive. Thus it is so, for Enghsh 

 (heads and skulls), French, German, Aino, Naqada and other cranial series*. 



Or, again take the Oraon tribe of Chota Nagpiir, we find : 



J/^ = 184-61, J/„ = 139-31, 



(Tt =5-1)160, o-« =4-3970, 



/•,„=-0655. 



Thus the correlation is small and positive, — far from the very sensible negative interracial 

 value. 



* See Biometrilut, Vol. i. p. 457. 



