74 



THE SMALLEST LIVING THINGS 



and the other to the side or the rear, e.g., Prowazekia and 

 Bodos (Fig. 41 ) . A flagellum may pass through the protoplasm 

 to emerge at the rear end, or it may be retained by the periplast 



Fig. 41— MISCELLANEOUS 



PARASITES FROM 



THE INTESTINE 



OF A NEWT 



Bacteria, spirochaetes, and flagellated 

 protozoa can be made out 



From a photomicrograph by the author 

 Magnification, 600 



and so give rise to an undulating membrane (Fig. 42) . Multiple 

 flagella are typical of parasitic forms. 



Reproduction Among Flagellates 



Reproduction of typical flagellates is by longitudinal division, 

 including division of the nucleus and, in many cases, of the kinetic 



Fig. 42— TRYPANOSOMA GAMBIENSE 



A dreaded menace in Africa. These flagellated 

 protozoa cause African sleeping sickness by 

 clogging up arteries and lymph spaces at the 

 base of the brain. Each individual has an 

 undulating membrane which ends in a free whip 



From a photomicrograph by the author 

 Magnification, 350 



elements as well. In other cases the flagella and kinetic elements 

 are absorbed into the protoplasm and from an endobasal body 

 lying within the nucleus new kinetic elements and flagella are 

 formed for each of the daughter cells. In some types, particu- 



