THE VACUOME THEORY 99 



Dangeard and Guillermond, are responsible for the actual data, 

 and although they differ slightly with reference to the chondriome, 

 as this is not particularly relevant, it does not matter for the 

 present argument. Both these authors identify the vacuome of 

 plants, which appears to be of universal occurrence, with the Golgi 

 apparatus of animals. They are driven to this conclusion chiefly 

 because they are unable to find any other plant-cell structure to 

 homologise with the Golgi apparatus. The chondriome, according 

 to Guillermond, is divided in plants into two structures, an active 

 portion (or plastidome), and an inactive ^^art. Dangeard regards 

 these as separate structures, although possibly related. The 

 former he terms Plastidome, and the second the Chondriome (or 

 spherome). Apart from fatty (Dangeard) or lipoidal (Guillermond) 

 granulations, no other permanent structures could be found. 



Parat starts from this position, accepts the homologies suggested 

 by Guillermond, and further admits that neutral red is a specific 

 stain for the vacuome. In a series of papers in collaboration with 

 Painleve (106-109), he deals with the appearance and structure of 

 the vacuome in animals. First, in the salivary glands of Chiro- 

 nomus (106) he describes the mitochondria as being stained intra 

 vitam in dahlia, and Janus green, but they do not take up neutral 

 red or cresyl violet. On the other hand, dahlia and Janus green 

 do not stain the vacuome, but this may be stained in neutral red. 

 He considers the chondriome a lipoidal phase, the vacuome an 

 aqueous one. Later (107) the secretory cycle in these cells is 

 described. The vacuoles composing the vacuome grow, and 

 running together empty themselves into the lumen and disappear, 

 new vacuoles appearing in the reconstructed cell. During the 

 confluent stage a definite canalicular appearance is obtained. This 

 is compared with the figures in Da Fano and Prenant-Kopsch 

 material, and it is suggested that this is in all probability the 

 " trophospongium " of Holmgren. In such material a 

 precipitation of silver or osmium occurs on the surface of the 

 vacuome, and thus an artefact known as the Golgi apparatus is 

 produced. 



In a third paper (108) they refer to work in various inverte- 

 brates, in cells of the stomach gfands of frogs, intestinal glands, 



4—3 



