108 ZOOLOGY 



these often grow and divide. The question of origin, however, is 

 not completely answered by this statement, for Harvey and 

 Brambell, among recent authors, state that formation of Golgi 

 de novo occurs. Harvey (44) bases his conclusions on the presence 

 of small osmiophilic granules considerably smaller than the typical 

 Golgi elements. These cannot represent cut pieces of whole 

 elements, as they lie well within the substance of the section. 

 Brambell (16), in the cell cycle of the ciliated epithelium of the 

 oviducal glands of the fowl, found that the Golgi apparatus frag- 

 mented and moved towards the lumen, together with the nucleus 

 and secretory products, and that, while the nucleus subsequently 

 moved back to the base of the cell, the Golgi fragments were 

 extruded into the lumen with the mucus. Fresh Golgi apparatus 

 arose near the nucleus at the base of the cell. From his figures 

 there does not appear to be any doubt about the facts. It is of 

 course possible that Golgi apparatus existed there before, but did 

 not become stained. Differences of staining capacity are known 

 in the Golgi apparatus according to the phase of metabolic activity. 

 There does not appear to be any likelihood of a solution of this 

 problem in the near future. 



To summarise then the position at present as regards the 

 morphology of the Golgi apparatus, it appears that this inclusion 

 is a protoplasmic one, capable of growth, independent of other 

 cell structure (other than the general cytoplasm), and division. 

 Its production de novo is doubtful but possible. 



The apparatus consists probably of a lipoid material combined 

 with a protein of a consistency sufficient for it to maintain its 

 individuality in the more fluid cytoplasm. 



It may appear as a plate or network in the form of a 

 ring, disc or cylinder, in which case the apparatus is continuous 

 except during times of metabolic activity, when it may become 

 irregularly fragmented and distributed throughout the cell. In 

 other forms it occurs as individual elements, either collected into 

 one definite locality or else scattered in the cytoplasm. 



Altliough modified cytoplasm, known as idioplasm, is normally 

 only found to accompany the apparatus in germ cells, it is also 

 probably present in all cells, although not demonstrable. This 



